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Efectividad de los micronutrientes en la prevención del cáncer de próstata
Effectiveness of micronutrients on prostate cancer prevention
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v62n3sup.44209Palabras clave:
Cáncer de Próstata, Micronutrientes, Antioxidantes, Selenio, Tocoferoles, Ácido Ascórbico (es)Prostatic Neoplasms, Micronutrients, Antioxidants, Selenium, Tocopherols, Ascorbic Acid (en)
A lo largo de los años, se han estudiado epidemiológicamente los efectos de diferentes micronutrientes en la prevención del cáncer de próstata. Los estudios sugieren que los hábitos en la dieta y los procesos inflamatorios son factores de riesgo para esta enfermedad. Los mecanismos en los que se sustenta la protección de estas sustancias han sido descritos experimentalmente in vitro y en ratas, demostrando su actuación como antioxidantes, potenciadores de reparación celular y de inhibición de crecimiento celular evitando así, la formación de tumores en la próstata.
Existen estudios de observación e intervención en humanos en riesgo de desarrollar cáncer de próstata. Ellos recibieron micronutrientes específicos y evaluaron sus hábitos de ingesta. Sin embargo, los hallazgos han sido inconsistentes en determinar el impacto en la prevención de la enfermedad. Esto demuestra que se requieren estudios con una metodología más adecuada para establecer una intervención efectiva en las poblaciones en riesgo. En esta revisión, se describen los hallazgos más importantes descritos en la literatura hasta el momento, así como sus limitaciones.
Throughout the years, the effects of various micronutrients in the prevention of prostate cancer have been epidemiologically studied. They suggest that dietary habits and inflammatory processes are risk factors for this condition. Some mechanisms have been experimentally described in vitro and in rats, demonstrating its role as antioxidant, enhancing cell repair and cell growth inhibition thus preventing the formation of tumors in the prostate.
There are observational and interventional studies in humans at risk for developing prostate cancer. They received specific micronutrient and were assessed for their intake habits, but their findings were inconsistent in determining the impact on the prevention of disease. This shows that more studies are needed with an appropriate methodology for establishing an effective intervention in populations at risk. This review reports the most important findings in the literature so far, along with their limitations.
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