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Práctica de actividad física, actividades sedentarias y hábitos alimentarios en escolares entre los 5 y 10 años con exceso de peso de un colegio en Bogotá, Colombia
Physical activity, sedentary behaviour and dietary habits in 5- to 10-year-old overweight children attending a school in Bogota, Colombia
Palabras clave:
Escolar, Obesidad, Índice de masa corporal, Actividad Motora, Estilo de Vida Sedentario, Hábitos Alimenticios (es)School, Obesity, Body Mass Index, Motor Activity, Sedentary Lifestyle, Food Habit (en)
Antecedentes. La obesidad infantil es entendida como una problemática del siglo XXI por la Organización Mundial de la Salud; ENSIN 2010 reportó exceso de peso en 18,9% de los niños entre los 5 y 9 años.
Objetivo. Identificar la actividad física, actividades sedentarias y hábitos alimentarios en escolares entre los 5 y 10 años con exceso de peso de una institución educativa en Bogotá, Colombia.
Materiales y métodos. Valoración nutricional antropométrica (T/E e IMC/E), estándares de crecimiento OMS 2006-2007, puntos de corte Resolución 2121 y OMS, actividad física medida por podometría, actividades sedentarias y hábitos evaluados por encuesta, consumo energético por registro de alimentos de tres días, análisis de datos empleando estadística descriptiva con Microsoft Excel 2011 para Mac y EpiInfo 7.
Resultados. Edad 8 años 5 meses ± 1 año y 3 meses, 53,8% masculino, 41,8% escolares obesos, 7.462 ± 3.028 pasos/día, escolares sedentarios (57,8%), actividades sedentarias de 2 a 4 horas/día (52,6%), energía 1.842 ± 464 Kcal/día, distribución calórica: proteína (15 ± 1%), grasa (30 ± 4%) y carbohidratos (56 ± 4%).
Conclusiones. Escolares con exceso de peso, actividad física baja y sedentarismo, actividades sedentarias mayores a dos horas e ingesta energética incrementada con distribución del valor calórico total adecuado.
Background. Childhood obesity is a problem affecting the 21st century, according to the World Health Organization. The ENSIN 2010 reported 18.9% of children aged 5 to 9 years-old being overweight.
Objective. Ascertaining the physical activity, sedentary behaviour and dietary habits of 5- to 10-year-old overweight children attending a school in Bogota, Colombia.
Materials and methods. This study involved anthropometric nutritional assessment (H/A and BMI/A) using WHO growth standards 2006-2007 and Resolution 2121 and WHO cutoff points. Physical activity was measured by pedometer, sedentary activities and habits were assessed by survey and energy was evaluated by 3-day record of food intake. Microsoft Excel 2011 for Mac and Epilnfo 7 were used for data analysis (descriptive statistics).
Results. Average age was 8 years 5 months (± 1 year and 3 months); 53.8% of the sample was male. BMI showed that 41.8% were obese, 7,462 ± 3,028 steps/day were recorded, 57.8% were classified as being sedentary students (sedentary activities lasted 2-4 hours/day (52.6%) and energy expenditure was 1,842 ± 464 kcal/day. Recommended dietary allowance (RDA) regarding calorie distribution was 15 ± 1% protein, 30 ± 4% fat and 56 ± 4% carbohydrates.
Conclusions. It was found that students had excess weight, were sedentary and had a low level of physical activity. Sedentary activities lasted more than two hours per day and energy intake was increased regarding the norm for this age-group; however, RDA concerning total calories was adequate for such age-group.
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Derechos de autor 2014 Revista de la Facultad de Medicina
Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 3.0 Unported.
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