Síndrome Infantil de Muerte Súbita: nuevos conceptos y una misma solución

Publicado

2014-04-01

Síndrome Infantil de Muerte Súbita: nuevos conceptos y una misma solución

New concepts but the same solution regarding sudden infant death syndrome

Palabras clave:

Muerte Súbita del Lactante, Factores de Riesgo, Posición Prona, Lactancia Materna (es)
Sudden Infant Death, Risk Factors, Prone Position, Breast Feeding (en)

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Autores/as

María Luisa Latorre-Castro Doctorado Interfacultades en Salud Pública. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia. Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de los Andes. Bogotá, Colombia.
Ginna Paola Fernández-Deaza Facultad de Medicina. Universidad de los Andes. Bogotá, Colombia. Hospital Universitario Fundación Santafé de Bogotá. Bogotá, Colombia.
Santiago Ucrós-Rodríguez Centro Médico de los Andes. Bogotá, Colombia.

Resumen (es)
Resumen (en)

El Síndrome Infantil de Muerte Súbita (SIMS) es la primera causa de muerte en niños entre un mes y un año de vida. Se define como la muerte inesperada de un infante menor de un año, en la que se ha realizado un análisis completo de la muerte y no se encuentra una causa aparente. A nivel mundial las campañas de sueño seguro han demostrado reducción de la mortalidad infantil, sin embargo, aún existe desconocimiento de las recomendaciones preventivas dentro los profesionales de la salud y los padres, lo cual pone en riesgo a un alto número de lactantes. Se han encontrado múltiples asociaciones con factores que aumentan el riesgo para desarrollar SIMS, algunos asociados a la madre o el entorno y otros propios del infante.

Debido al gran impacto que genera la reducción de factores de riesgo extrínsecos, dentro de los cuales dormir en decúbito prono o decúbito lateral es el de mayor asociación, sumado a la promoción de factores protectores como la lactancia materna, es importante que las recomendaciones preventivas se instauren desde el periodo prenatal. Este artículo presenta un recuento de la evidencia actual acerca de los factores de riesgo modificables y las prácticas de "sueño seguro", con el fin último de prevenir muertes por SIMS.

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the main cause of death in one month to one year-old children. This syndrome is defined as being the unexpected death of an infant under one year of age, where there has been a complete investigation and there has not been an apparent cause of death. Campaigns aimed at preventing this syndrome have revealed an important reduction in infant mortality worldwide; however, many healthcare workers and parents are still ignorant about preventative measures aimed at providing a safe sleeping environment for infants.

Due to the great impact of external risk factor prevention, the prone or lateral sleeping position is the most important factor associated with SIDS occurring. Protective measures like breastfeeding play an important role; preventative recommendations must be promoted during prenatal counselling.

This article reviews current evidence concerning modifiable risk factors regarding SIDS and "safe sleep" practice aimed at preventing SIDS-related deaths.

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Citas

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Derechos de autor 2014 Revista de la Facultad de Medicina

Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 3.0 Unported.