Publicado

2015-04-01

Circunferencia hipertrigliceridémica y perfil de riesgo cardiometabólico en adolescentes normopeso y con exceso de peso

Hypertriglyceridemic waist and cardiometabolic risk profile among normal weight and overweight adolescents

Palabras clave:

circunferencia de la cintura, hipertrigliceridemia, riesgo cardiovascular, adolescente (es)
Hypertriglyceridemic waist, Metabolism, Cardiovascular diseases, Adolescent (en)

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Autores/as

  • Nelina Ruíz-Fernández Departamento de Morfofisiopatología. Escuela de Bioanálisis. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Carabobo. Valencia, Venezuela. Instituto de Investigaciones en Nutrición (INVESNUT). Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Carabobo. Valencia, Venezuela.
  • Airam Rangel Departamento de Morfofisiopatología. Escuela de Bioanálisis. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Carabobo. Valencia, Venezuela.
  • Carla Rodríguez Departamento de Morfofisiopatología. Escuela de Bioanálisis. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Carabobo. Valencia, Venezuela.
  • Lisette Rodríguez Departamento de Morfofisiopatología. Escuela de Bioanálisis. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Carabobo. Valencia, Venezuela.
  • Valeria Rodríguez Departamento de Morfofisiopatología. Escuela de Bioanálisis. Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Carabobo. Valencia, Venezuela.

Antecedentes. La cintura hipertrigliceridémica (CHTG) se asocia con elevado riesgo cardiometabólico en adultos; sin embargo, se dispone de poca información sobre si la misma genera cambios metabólicos adversos en adolescentes con y sin exceso de peso.

Objetivo. Evaluar el perfil del riesgo cardiometabólico asociado con la CHTG y su capacidad para predecir factores de este perfil en adolescentes, categorizados según el puntaje Z del índice de masa corporal.

Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron 96 adolescentes (12-17 años) divididos en dos grupos: normopeso y sobrepeso/obesidad. Se determinaron peso, talla, circunferencia de cintura, presión arterial, estadio de maduración sexual y marcadores bioquímicos del riesgo cardiometabólico. Se calculó un índice de riesgo cardiometabólico agrupado.

Resultados. La frecuencia de la CHTG fue de 9.8%. El número de casos de esta fue mayor al avanzar la maduración sexual (p<0.001) y en el grupo con exceso de peso (p=0.043). En el grupo total, la CHTG fue capaz de predecir presión arterial elevada (p<0.002), colesterol no-HDL elevado (p<0.012) y riesgo cardiometabólico agrupado elevado (p<0.001). En tanto que en el grupo normopeso, elevó la relación TGL/HDLc (p=0.003) y el índice de riesgo cardiometabólico agrupado (p=0.001). Por último, en el grupo con sobrepeso/obesidad, esta elevó: presión sistólica (p=0.005) y diastólica (p=0.006), colesterol total (p=0.037) y no-HDL (p=0.029), relación colesterol total/HDLc (p=0.032), relación triglicéridos/HDLc (p<0.001) e índice de riesgo cardiometabólico agrupado (p<0.001), independientemente del sexo, edad y estadio de maduración sexual.

Conclusiones. La CHTG fue prevalente y se asoció a un perfil metabólico adverso y riesgo cardiometabólico agrupado elevado en adolescentes con y sin exceso de peso, recomendándose su detección en atención primaria.

Background. Hypertriglyceridemic waist phenotype (HW) is associated with high cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in adults; however, there is little information on whether it causes adverse metabolic changes in adolescents with and without excess body weight or not.

Objective. To evaluate the profile of CMR associated with HW and its ability to predict CMR factors in adolescents, categorized by body mass index Z-score.

Materials and methods. 96 adolescents (aged 12-17) divided into two groups (normal weight and overweight/obesity) were evaluated. Weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure and biochemical markers of CMR were measured; the stage of sexual maturation was established. Clustered CMR index was calculated.

Results. The frequency of HW was 9.8%. The number of cases of HW was higher in the later stages of sexual maturation (p<0.001) and in the overweight/obesity group (p=0.043). In the total group, the HW was able to predict the presence of high blood pressure (p<0.002), high cholesterol non-HDL (p<0.012) and elevated clustered CMR (p<0.001). In the normal weight group, the presence of HW significantly raised the triglycerides/ HDL-cholesterol ratio (p=0.003) and clustered CMR index (p=0.001); in the overweight/obesity group, HW increased systolic (p=0.005) and diastolic (p=0.006) blood pressure, total (p=0.037) and non-HDL (p=0.029) cholesterol, total cholesterol/ HDL-cholesterol ratio (p=0.032), triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratio (p<0.001) and the clustered CMR index (p<0.001), regardless of gender, age and stage of sexual maturation.

Conclusions. HW was prevalent and associated with an adverse metabolic profile and high clustered CMR in adolescents with and without excess body weight, so its detection is recommended in primary care.

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