Publicado
Necesidades de formación psicopedagógica de pediatras en la atención hospitalaria
Needs of psychopedagogical training of paediatricians in hospital care
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v63.n4.50452Palabras clave:
Pediatría, Enfermedad crónica, Familia, Educación, Servicios hospitalarios (es)Pediatrics, Chronic Disease, Family, Education, Hospitals (en)
Antecedentes. La enfermedad crónica infantil tiene impacto en la familia y afecta al paciente física, psicoemocional y socialmente. La hipótesis de este estudio es que la identificación de tales factores puede servir para mejorar su formación y competencia comunicativa y, consecuentemente, la gestión de la enfermedad crónica.
Objetivo. Identificar las necesidades formativas psicopedagógicas en pediatras y residentes en pediatría del mayor hospital público en las Islas Baleares, España.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio de diseño mixto cuantitativo-cualitativo, donde 51 pediatras y residentes —71.8% del servicio— contestaron un cuestionario y 26 participaron en entrevistas analizadas con análisis de contenido.
Resultados. Los pediatras consideran que el apoyo y la cohesión familiar son los factores más relevantes para gestionar adecuadamente una enfermedad crónica infantil, pero manifiestan tener escasos conocimientos sobre el desarrollo emocional y psicológico de los niños y adolescentes. Destacan la escasa comunicación entre pediatras y escuela, así como la deficiente información sobre servicios socioeducativos que se ofrecen en el hospital y también en la comunidad. Los resultados cualitativos fueron organizados en cinco bloques temáticos: impacto de la enfermedad crónica infantil en la familia, formación psicopedagógica de los pediatras, dificultades en la práctica, comunicación entre escuela y hospital y el hospital como entidad educativa.
Conclusión. La pediatría hospitalaria requiere considerar las específicas necesidades psicoemocionales de la familia y del menor, para lo cual se necesita formación psicopedagógica, así como un trabajo interprofesional entre sanitarios y educadores.
Background. Chronic illness in children has a strong impact on the family, having a negative effect on the patient at a physical, psycho-emotional and social level. This study hypothesis states that the identification of such factors may serve to improve these patients' education process as well as their communicative competence, and, in consequence, the handling of their chronic disease.
Objective. To identify training needs in pediatricians and pediatrics residents working in the largest public hospital in the Balearic Islands, Spain.
Materials and Methods. A mixed design, quantitative and qualitative study was used, where 51 pediatricians and residents (71.8% Service) answered a questionnaire, while 26 participated in interviews that were analyzed with content analysis.
Results. Pediatricians considered that family support and cohesion are the most important factors to take into account to properly manage a chronic childhood disease. Somehow, they stated that they have little knowledge about the emotional and psychological development of children and adolescents. Poor communication between pediatricians and school, as well as the lack of information regarding educative and social services offered both in the hospital and a the community are aspects to be highlighted. Qualitative data were organized into five thematic sections: impact of chronic childhood illness in the family; psychopedagogical training of pediatricians; practical difficulties; communication between school and hospital, and the hospital as an educational institution.
Conclusion. Hospital pediatrics requires the consideration of the specific psycho-emotional needs of the family and the child; therefore, psychopedagogical training is needed, as well as an inter professional collaboration between health and educators.
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