Publicado

2016-01-01

Neurología de la anticipación y sus implicaciones en el deporte

Anticipation neurology and its implications in sports

Palabras clave:

Rendimiento atlético, Tiempo de reacción, Desempeño psicomotor, Percepción de movimiento, Anticipación psicológica, Neuronas espejo. (es)
Mirror Neurons, Athletic Performance, Reaction Time, Psychomotor Performance, Perceptual Motor Performance, Anticipation Psychological (en)

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Autores/as

  • Juan Felipe Correa-Mesa Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Facultad de Medicina - Departamento del Movimiento Corporal Humano – Bogotá, D.C. - Colombia.
  • Paula Andrea Álvarez-Peña Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Facultad de Medicina - Departamento de Fisioterapia – Bogotá, D.C. - Colombia.

El movimiento es una acción que involucra interconexiones complejas, por lo cual se requiere profundizar en los procesos de adaptación, predicción y anticipación que permiten entender la importancia de estos aspectos desde sus bases filogenéticas y ontogenéticas hasta su implicación en movimientos complejos.

Parte de la optimización de los procesos descritos se haya en la calidad de información aferente, la cual permite la relación con el entorno —especialmente la entrada visual— que reconoce un flujo de imágenes y una proyección al contexto en el que se está inmerso. Las estructuras e interconexiones implicadas en la anticipación y predicción de movimientos son descritas de modo que se evidencia la congruencia y continuidad del flujo de información que caracteriza esta especialidad neuromecánica de movimiento.

Por otro lado, se aborda la integración de centros puntuales del sistema nervioso central y redes neuronales que permiten el entramado de procesos de aprendizaje por observación, además de proveer equilibrio y eficiencia al sistema en la recepción de estímulos y su relación con la generación de eferencias motoras que cumplan con objetivos específicos. En el ámbito deportivo estos procesos favorecen la eficiencia del gesto optimizando el movimiento.

Movement involves complex interconnections. It is required to deeply examine the adaptation, prediction and anticipation processes to understand their importance from the phylogenetic and ontogenetic bases, until its involvement in complex movements.

Part of the optimization of these processes is found in the quality of afferent input, which allows the connection with the environment, in particular, the visual input, which recognizes an image stream and a projection to the context in which it is immersed. Those structures and interconnections involved in the anticipation and prediction of movements are described so that the consistency and the constant transfer of information that characterizes this field of neuromechanical movement speciality are evidenced.

In addition, this article addresses the integration of specific centers from the Central Nervous System and the neural networks that allow the network of learning processes by observation, and that also provide balance and efficiency to the system in receiving stimuli and their relationship with the generation of motor efferents that accomplish specific objectives. In sports, these processes favor the gesture efficience optimizing the movement.

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Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 3.0 Unported.

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