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Prevalencia de lesiones en gimnastas pertenecientes a la Liga de Gimnasia de Bogotá, D.C.
Prevalence of injuries in gymnasts from the Gymnastics League of Bogotá, D.C.
Palabras clave:
Gimnasia, Lesiones en atletas, Prevalencia (es)Gymnastics, Athletic Injuries, Prevalence (en)
Introducción. La exigencia física en los gimnastas durante su formación puede traer consigo lesiones; la intensidad y cantidad de práctica en relación al nivel de competencia y grado de dificultad de los elementos hacen de este deporte uno de los que mayores lesiones produce.
Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de lesiones y los factores correlacionados a estas en gimnastas pertenecientes a la Liga de Gimnasia de Bogotá, Colombia.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional, correlacional y con diseño transversal realizado en 19 gimnastas: nueve mayores de 14 años, nueve entre 15 y 19 y uno de 22 años. Se midió índice de masa corporal (IMC), peso corporal, talla, squat jump, contra movimiento, pliometría en miembros superiores, dinamometría de espalda y sit and reach; también se realizó una encuesta de prevalencia de lesiones.
Resultados. 14 deportistas presentaron lesiones el último año. El lugar de lesión más prevalente fue codo con 24%, seguido de pie con 21%. El tipo de lesión más prevalente fue esguince con 31.6%, seguido por tendinopatía con 21%. No hubo correlación entre squat jump, contra movimiento, pliometría en miembros superiores, dinamometría de espalda y sit and reach.
Conclusiones. Las variables edad, peso, IMC y duración del entrenamiento se correlacionan con la aparición de lesiones. Las mujeres sufren más lesiones en comparación con hombres.
Introduction: The physical demand of gymnasts during training can cause injuries; the intensity and amount of practice in relation to the level of competition and degree of difficulty make this sport present one of the highest rates of injuries.
Objective: To estimate the prevalence of injuries and correlated factors in the gymnasts of the Gymnastics League in Bogotá, Colombia.
Materials and methods: Observational, correlational and cross-sectional study including 19 gymnasts, whose ages were 14 (nine subjects), 15-19 (nine subjects) and 22 (one subject). Body mass index (BMI), body weight, height, squat jump, counter movement, plyometrics in upper limbs, back dynamometry and sit and reach aspects were measured. Also, a survey of injuries prevalence was performed.
Results: 14 athletes had injuries during the past year. The most prevalent injury site was the elbow with 24%, followed by foot with 21%. The most prevalent type of injury was sprain with 31.6%, followed by tendinitis with 21%. There was no correlation between squat jump, counter movement, plyometrics in upper limbs, back dynamometry and sit and reach.
Conclusions: The variables age, weight, BMI and length of training correlate with the appearance of injuries. Women suffer more injuries compared with men.
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Derechos de autor 2017 Revista de la Facultad de Medicina
Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 3.0 Unported.
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