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Eficacia de las modalidades deportivas del programa 40X40 en escolares con sobrepeso y obesidad
Effectiveness of sports teaching methods in the 40X40 program in overweight and obesity in school children
Palabras clave:
Promoción de la salud, Actividad física, Deportes, Adaptación fisiológica, Desarrollo infantil, Composición corporal (es)Health Promotion, Motor Activity, Sports, Physiological Adaptation, Child Development, Body Composition (en)
Introducción. En Bogotá, hay una prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad del 16% y del 6%, respectivamente, tanto en niños como adolescentes escolares (1). En 2013, se implementó el Programa 40X40 (P40X40) en instituciones educativas distritales (IED) con el objetivo de incrementar los niveles de actividad física de los escolares.
Objetivo. El presente estudio busca determinar el efecto del P40x40 en la composición corporal de escolares con sobrepeso y obesidad de las IED de Bogotá.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio controlado no aleatorizado en el que participaron 1003 escolares (6 a 17 años) asignados a un grupo de intervención (GI) (P40X40) (n=497) y a un grupo control (GC) (n=506). Se evaluó el efecto de dos meses de intervención del P40X40 sobre las variables porcentaje de grasa corporal (PGC), índice de masa corporal (IMC) e índice de masa corporal Zscore (IMCZscore).
Resultados. Se presentaron cambios significativos en el GI para todas las variables (p=0.00), con mayor reducción en el PGC para los deportes de tiempo y marca por diferencia de medias (DaMs) (DaMs=1.36).
Conclusiones. Al observarse cambios significativos en el GI para todas las variables (p=0.00) sin relevancia clínica, se determinó que el P40X40 requiere modificaciones en cuanto a intensidad, frecuencia y duración si su objetivo es disminuir los niveles de sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares.
Introduction: In Bogotá, there is a prevalence of overweight and obesity of 16% and 6%, respectively, in both school children and adolescents (1). In 2013, the 40X40 program (P40X40) was implemented by city educational institutions (IED, by its acronym in Spanish) in order to increase levels of physical activity in school children.
Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of P40x40 in body composition of overweight and obese school children at public schools in Bogotá.
Materials and methods: Non-randomized controlled study involving 1 003 school children (age 6 to 17) assigned to an intervention group (IG) (P40X40) (n=497) and a control group (CG) (n=506). The effect of the P40X40 intervention was assessed at two months in relation to body fat percentage (BFP), body mass index (BMI) and body mass index Zscore (BMIZscore).
Results: Significant changes in IG for all variables (p=0.00) were presented, with greater reduction in BFP for time sports and mean difference (DaMs, for its acronym in Spanish) (DaMs = 1.36).
Conclusions: After observing significant changes in the IG for all variables (p=0.00) with no clinical relevance, it was determined that the P40X40 requires changes in intensity, frequency and duration if the goal is to reduce levels of overweight and obesity in school children.
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Derechos de autor 2017 Revista de la Facultad de Medicina
Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 3.0 Unported.
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