Características del alcoholismo en mujeres

Volumen 65, Número 1, Revista de la Facultad de Medicina

Publicado

2017-01-01

Alcoholism in women

Palabras clave:

Alcoholismo, Bebidas alcohólicas, Mujeres (es)
Alcoholism, Alcoholic Beverages, Women (en)

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Autores/as

María del Carmen Míguez Universidade de Santiago de Compostela - Facultad de Psicología - Departamento de Psicología Clínica y Psicobiología - Santiago de Compostela - España.
Beatriz Permuy Universidade de Santiago de Compostela - Facultad de Psicología - Departamento de Psicología Clínica y Psicobiología - Santiago de Compostela - España.

Resumen (es)
Resumen (en)

Introducción. Durante décadas, las investigaciones sobre el alcoholismo se hicieron con muestras formadas casi exclusivamente por varones; sin embargo, el creciente interés por las necesidades de las mujeres que presentan esta problemática ha generado un aumento de los estudios sobre las diferencias de género en los trastornos por consumo de alcohol.

Objetivo. Obtener una visión actualizada de las características diferenciadoras del alcoholismo en mujeres.

Materiales y métodos. Revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos PsycINFO y Medline entre los años 2004 y 2014.

Resultados. Los estudios revisados muestran diferencias de género en la edad de inicio del consumo, el curso clínico, los factores de riesgo, la presencia de comorbilidad psicopatológica y la demanda de tratamiento.

Conclusiones. Las mujeres presentan una mayor edad de inicio del consumo de alcohol y una historia de consumo más corta hasta que desarrollan problemas. Entre los factores de riesgo de consumo se observa mayor frecuencia de acontecimientos traumáticos —como maltrato y abuso sexual infantil— y convivencia con una pareja alcohólica. Las mujeres con problemas de alcoholismo también presentan mayor prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y ansiedad y menor uso de los servicios asistenciales.

Introduction: For decades, research on alcoholism was made with samples composed almost exclusively by males; however, the growing interest in the needs of women with this condition has led to an increase in studies on gender differences related to alcohol consumption disorders.

Objective: To obtain an updated view of the differentiating characteristics of alcoholism in women.

Materials and methods: Literature review of the databases PsycINFO and Medline between 2004 and 2014.

Results: The reviewed studies show gender differences related to the age of consumption onset, clinical course, risk factors, presence of psychopathological comorbidity and demand for treatment.

Conclusions: The onset of alcohol consumption in women occurs at a later age, and also, there is a shorter consumption history. Risk factors include increased frequency of traumatic events —such as child and sexual abuse— and cohabitation with an alcoholic partner. Women with alcoholism problems also have a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms and anxiety, as well as a lower rate of healthcare services use.

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