Publicado
Amplificación vocal en el ámbito ocupacional educativo: una revisión de la literatura
Voice amplification in the education field: a literature review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v66n3.58517Palabras clave:
Amplificadores electrónicos, Grupos profesionales, Prevención primaria, Voz (es)Amplifiers Electronic, Occupational Groups, Primary Prevention, Voice (en)
Introducción. La amplificación vocal se ha utilizado como una herramienta para prevenir desórdenes de voz en profesores.
Objetivos. Conocer los cambios reportados sobre el comportamiento vocal cuando los profesores utilizan sistemas de amplificación vocal y hacer una comparación entre el antes y el después de su uso.
Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de artículos en cuatro bases de datos y se seleccionaron 11 bajo criterios de inclusión y exclusión: 3 presentaron un nivel de evidencia IIb, mientras que 8, IV. Se analizó la información de los artículos para recolectar datos sobre los efectos en el comportamiento vocal a nivel perceptivo y acústico frente al uso de amplificación vocal.
Resultados. Los participantes tuvieron una reducción en la intensidad y en la frecuencia fundamental con mayores efectos en la población sin desorden de voz. Hubo una disminución significativa de la dosis de distancia a diferencia de la dosis de ciclo. En los cuestionarios se infirió un descenso en síntomas, reducción de la carga vocal y mejora en la comunicación.
Conclusión. Los amplificadores de voz sirven para prevenir trastornos de la voz. Investigaciones futuras deberán manejar un rigor investigativo en los niveles de evidencia y un diseño de estudio que permita obtener resultados consistentes en diferentes usuarios de la voz.
Introduction: Voice amplifiers have been used as tools to prevent voice disorders in teachers.
Objectives: To know reported changes in vocal behavior when teachers use voice amplification systems and to make a comparison before and after their use.
Materials and methods: A review of articles was carried out in four databases and 11 were selected following inclusion and exclusion criteria; the level of evidence was IIb in 3 of them and IV in 8. The information of the articles was analyzed to collect data on the effects on perceptual and acoustic vocal behavior versus the use of voice amplification.
Results: The participants showed a decrease in the intensity and fundamental frequency, with greater effects on the population without a speech disorder. There was a significant decrease in the distance dose as opposed to the cycle dose. A decrease in symptoms was inferred from the questionnaires, as well as a reduction of vocal load and improvement in communication.
Conclusion: Voice amplifiers are a tool for preventing voice disorders. Future research should be more rigorous regarding the levels of evidence and include a study design that allows obtaining consistent results in different voice users.
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