¿Es el parricidio un fenómeno estable? Análisis de los parricidas en un hospital forense

Volumen 65, Número 1, Revista de la Facultad de Medicina

Publicado

2017-01-01

Is parricide a stable phenomenon? An analysis of parricide offenders in a forensic hospital

¿Es el parricidio un fenómeno estable? Análisis de los parricidas en un hospital forense

Palabras clave:

Domestic Violence, Family Violence, Forensic Psychiatry, Commitment of the Mentally Ill, Homicide (en)
Violencia doméstica, Violencia familiar, Psiquiatría forense, Internación compulsoria del enfermo mental (es)

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Autores/as

Lisieux Elaine de Borba-Telles Federal Universitiy of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) - Faculty of Medical Sciences - Psychiatry and Forensic Department - Porto Alegre - Brazil. Forensic Psychiatric Institute Dr. Maurício Cardoso - Forensic Expertise Department -Porto Alegre - Brazil
Patrícia Rivoire Menelli-Goldfeld Forensic Psychiatric Institute Dr. Maurício Cardoso - General Direction - Porto Alegre - Brazil.
Alcina Juliana Soares-Barros Federal Universitiy of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) - Psychiatric Care Department - Porto Alegre - Brazil.
Henderson Eduarth Schwengber Espirito Santo State Forensic Psychiatric Hospital - Espírito Santo - Brazil.
Vivian Peres-Day Forensic Psychiatric Institute Dr. Maurício Cardoso - Forensic Expertise Department - Porto Alegre - Brazil.
Gabriela de Moraes-Costa Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM) - Department of Neuropsychiatry - Santa Maria - Brazil. Franciscan University (UNIFRA) - Santa Maria - Brazil.

Resumen (en)
Resumen (es)

Introduction: Previous research has shown that severe mental illness is prevalent among parricide offenders.

Objective: To investigate sociodemographic and psychiatric characteristics, killing methods and criminal background of parricide offenders admitted into a forensic inpatient mental health facility in Brazil.

Materials and methods: Sample consisting of patients charged with parricide under psychiatric care in the Forensic Psychiatric Hospital. A cross-sectional analysis of the sociodemographic variables of parricide offenders and their victims, crime characteristics and psychiatric diagnosis of perpetrators was carried out.

Results: Most parricides were young (mean age=29.2;SD=9.4) and had little or no formal schooling (mean=5.4;SD=3.9); 100% were adult males, 94.4% (n=17) were single, and 77.8%(n=14) did not have prior convictions. All offenders acted alone, predominantly against elderly victims (mean=63.3;SD=13.2), at their parent’s household (n=15; 83.3%), and only one used firearms; 55.6% (n=10) were patricides, 5.6% (n=1) step-patricides, 33.3% (n=6) matricides, and 5.6% (n=1) double parricides. After perpetrating the crime, 27.8% (n=5) attempted to escape the scene. Most perpetrators suffered schizophrenia (n=11;61.1%) or had an antisocial personality (n=3;16.7%).

Conclusions: Regarding weapon usage and the characteristics of victims and offenders, the observed pattern is consistent with previous researches, which allows concluding that the phenomenon of parricide is relatively stable and homogeneous. A forensic psychiatric evaluation of parricide offenders should be warranted given the high prevalence of mental illness among them.

Introducción. Estudios anteriores demuestran que la enfermedad mental severa es frecuente entre los parricidas.

Objetivo. Investigar las características psiquiátricas y sociodemográficas, los métodos de asesinato y los antecedentes penales de criminales acusados de parricidio remitidos a un centro de salud mental forense en Brasil.

Materiales y métodos. La muestra estuvo constituida por todos los pacientes acusados de parricidio que contaban con asistencia psiquiátrica en el Instituto Psiquiátrico Forense Dr. Maurício Cardoso. Se realizó un análisis transversal de las variables sociodemográficas de los parricidas y sus víctimas, las características del crimen y el diagnóstico psiquiátrico.

Resultados. La mayoría de parricidas eran jóvenes (29.2±9.4) con bajo nivel de educación (5.4±3.9); 100% eran varones adultos, 94.4% solteros y 77.8% no tenía antecedentes penales. Todos los delincuentes actuaron solos, en su mayoría en contra de personas mayores (63.3±13.2) y en casa de sus padres (83.3%). Solo uno utilizó arma de fuego; 10 eran patricidas y 6 matricidas, 1 asesinó a su padrastro y 1 cometió doble parricidio. Tras cometer el asesinato, 27.8% trató de escapar de la escena del crimen. La mayoría de los condenados sufrían esquizofrenia (61.1%) o personalidad antisocial (16.7%).

Conclusiones. El patrón observado en relación con las características de uso de armas, víctima y asesino es consistente con investigaciones previas, lo que permite concluir que este fenómeno es relativamente estable y homogéneo. Se debe garantizar evaluación psiquiátrica forense a quienes hayan cometido parricidio, dada la alta prevalencia de enfermedad mental en estos individuos.

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