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Terapia ocupacional en unidad de cuidados intensivos
Occupational Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v65n2.59342Palabras clave:
Terapia ocupacional, Unidad de cuidados intensivos, atención, Intervención médica temprana. (es)Occupational Therapy, Intensive Care Units, Attention, Early Medical Intervention. (en)
Introducción. Desde su inicio, la terapia ocupacional ha actuado en ambientes intrahospitalarios. En la actualidad, una de las metas para la consolidación de campos de conocimiento, atención y prospectiva es profundizar en la intervención que realiza el respectivo profesional en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI).
Objetivo. Mostrar la evidencia científica de la intervención de terapia ocupacional en una UCI de adulto a través de una revisión bibliográfica entre el 2010 y 2015, durante la cual se analizaron las categorías de evaluación, modalidades de intervención y resultados.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio de carácter investigativo mixto, el cual busca especificar las fuentes teóricas y prácticas que relacionan los términos de la investigación. Además, se realizó un proceso de análisis selectivo a partir de los intereses y la significancia.
Resultados. La terapia ocupacional hace una caracterización de las actividades basándose en la movilización, cambios posicionales, actividades de la vida diaria, estimulación, ferulaje, tecnología de asistencia, entre otras; además trae beneficios como reducción de estancia, complicaciones y costos.
Conclusión. Se evidencia la importancia del trabajo del terapeuta ocupacional en la UCI de adulto, pues beneficios como reducción de la estancia y mejora funcional de las personas, al momento del egreso, son claros en las investigaciones internacionales.
Introduction: Historically, occupational therapy has had an active role in the hospital environment. Today, one of its main goals for the consolidation of the fields of knowledge, care and future development is to strengthen the intervention of professionals in the intensive care unit (ICU).
Objective: To expose scientific evidence related to the role of occupational therapy in an adult ICU by conducting a literature review of publications made between 2010 and 2015, in order to analyze the assessment and intervention categories.
Materials and methods: Mixed research study, which seeks to specify the theoretical and practical sources related to the terms of the study. In addition, a selective analysis process was carried out based on interests and significance.
Results: Occupational therapy characterizes activities based on mobilization, positional changes, activities of daily living, stimulation, feruling, and assistive technology, among others. It also brings benefits such as the reduction of in-hospital stay, complications and costs.
Conclusion: The relevance of the work of occupational therapists in the adult ICU is evident since it brings benefits such as reduced stay and functional improvement of patients at discharge, which are clearly defined in different research works worldwide.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 3.0 Unported.
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