Publicado
Association between risky behaviors in adolescents and altered psychophysiological emotional responses
Los adolescentes con conductas de riesgo muestran respuesta psicofisiológica alterada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v65n2.59484Palabras clave:
Risk behavior, psychophysiological, reaction, adolescence. (en)Riesgo, Psicofisiología, emoción, adolescencia. (es)
Descargas
Introduction: The psychophysiology of emotional response in adolescence is a crucial factor for understanding risk and deviant behaviors.
Objective: To compare specific characteristics of psychophysiological emotional response between risk behavior adolescents and controls.
Materials and methods: Characterization of risk behaviors (RB), variations in the heart rate (HR), electromyography (EMG), skin conductance (SC) and temperature during the presentation of visual emotional stimuli. The emotional valence parameters, activation and dominance of such stimuli were qualified as well.
Results: Significant differences were found among RB adolescents compared to the non-risk group, as well as signs of major psychophysiological response to emotionally loaded stimuli in RB when compared to the control group. The control group was characterized by initial bradycardia, which was more evident than in the risk behavior group.
Conclusions: The control group presented more expressive initial bradycardia in comparison to the RB group. Both groups showed more pronounced cardiac deceleration when experiencing unpleasant stimuli, higher levels in EMG to pleasant stimuli in the RB group, and higher CP indicators for the three types of stimulus. A cohort study is required in order to compare current findings in RB versus physiological emotional response among adolescent groups.
Introducción. La psicofisiología de la respuesta emocional en la adolescencia es un factor clave en la comprensión de conductas de riesgo y desadaptación.
Objetivo. Comparar especificidades de la reacción psicofisiológica emocional entre adolescentes con y sin conductas de riesgo.
Materiales y métodos. Las medidas consistieron en la caracterización de conductas de riesgo (CR), variaciones en la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) electromiografía (EMG), conductancia de la piel (CP) y temperatura durante la presentación de estímulos emocionales visuales, así como la calificación en parámetros de valencia emocional, activación y dominancia de dichos estímulos.
Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los adolescentes con CR comparados con aquellos que no las presentaban: se detectaron signos de mayor reacción psicofisiológica a los estímulos emocionales.
Conclusiones. El grupo control se caracterizó por una bradicardia inicial más expresiva en comparación con el grupo con CR, ambos grupos mostraron desaceleración cardíaca más pronunciada ante estímulos desagradables, niveles más altos en EMG ante estímulos agradables en el grupo con RB e indicadores más elevados de CP ante los tres tipos de estímulo. Se requiere un estudio de cohorte a fin de comparar los hallazgos actuales en CR frente a la reacción fisiológica emocional entre los grupos de adolescentes.
Referencias
Vigotski LS. Mind and Society. In: Gauvain M, Cole M, editors. Readings on the development of children. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company; 1997.
Casey BJ, Getz S, Galvan A. The adolescent brain. Dev Rev. 2008;28(1):62-77. http://doi.org/cn546k.
Casey BJ, Ruberry EJ, Libby V, Glatt CE, Hare T, Soliman F, et al. Transitional and translational studies of risk for anxiety. Depress Anxiety. 2011;28(1):18-28. http://doi.org/c629x8.
Blakemore SJ. Development of the social brain in adolescence. J R Soc Med. 2011;105(3):111-6. http://doi.org/b8wp.
Acton GS. Measurement of Impulsivity in a Hierarchical Model of Personality Traits: Implications for Substance Use. Subst Use Misuse. 2003;38(1):67-83. http://doi.org/dfc87j.
Dreyfuss M, Caudle K, Drysdale AT, Johnston NE, Cohen AO, Somerville LH, et al. Teens impulsively react rather than retreat from threat. Dev Neurosci. 2014;36(3-4):220-7. http://doi.org/f6cm54.
Galvan A, Hare T, Voss H, Glover G, Casey BJ. Risk-taking and the adolescent brain: who is at risk? Dev Sci. 2007;10(2):F8-F14. http://doi.org/b4695g.
Flores-Hernández PV, Galindo-Aldana GM, García-Nuñez M, Machinskaya RI, Galarza-del Ángel FJ, Bonilla J, et al. Specifics of emotional reaction in adolescents and young adults: a psychophysiological study. Tesis Psicológica. 2013;8(2):120-30.
Galindo G, Fraga M, Machinskaya R, Solovieva Y, Mangan P. Effect of emotionally valenced stimuli on working memory performance. Psychology & Neuroscience. 2015;8(3):333-40. http://doi.org/b8wq.
Cacioppo JT. Feelings and emotions: roles for electrophysiological markers. Biol Psychol. 2004;67(1-2):235-43. http://doi.org/bccfpb.
Cacioppo JT, Decety J. Social neuroscience: challenges and opportunities in the study of complex behavior. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1224:162-73. http://doi.org/b22rkx.
Davidson RJ. Anterior electrophysiological asymmetries, emotion, and depression: Conceptual and methodological conundrums. Psychophysiology. 1998;35(5):607-14. http://doi.org/dxjkvf.
Davidson RJ. Affective neuroscience and psychophysiology: Toward a synthesis. Psychophysiology. 2000;40(5):655-65. http://doi.org/bj957q.
Davidson RJ, Irwin W. The functional neuroanatomy of emotion and affective style. Trends Cogn Sci. 1999;3(1):11-21. http://doi.org/bxztvq.
Valdéz P, Reilly T, Waterhouse J. Rhythms of Mental Performance. Mind, Brain nad Education. 2008;2(1):7-16. http://doi.org/cjcs2q.
Bradley MM, Codispoti M, Cuthbert BN, Lang PJ. Emotion and Motivation I: Defensive and Appetitive Reactions in Picture Processing. Emotion. 2001;1(3):276-98. http://doi.org/cjzqww.
Bradley MM, Miccoli L, Escrig MA, Lang PJ. The pupil as a measure of emotional arousal and autonomic activation. Psychophysiology. 2008;45(4):602-7. http://doi.org/fb796k.
Peira N, Pourtois G, Fredrikson M. Learned Cardiac Control with Heart Rate Biofeedback Transfers to Emotional Reactions. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e70004. http://doi.org/f22gbr.
Peira N, Fredrikson M, Pourtois G. Controlling the emotional heart: Heart rate biofeedback improves cardiac control during emotional reactions. Int J Psychophysiol. 2014;91(3):225-31. http://doi.org/f246mw.
Meza-Kubo V, Morán AL, Carrillo I, Galindo G, García-Canseco E. Assessing the user experience of older adults using a neural network trained to recognize emotions from brain signals. J Biomed Inform. 2016;62:202-9. http://doi.org/f854cb.
Bradley MM, Lang PJ. Emotion and Motivation. In: Cacioppo J, Tassinary LG, Bernston GG, editors. Handbook of Psychophysiology. New York: Cambridge University Press; 2007.
Cameron JL. Interrelationships between hormones, behavior, and affect during adolescence: complex relationships exist between reproductive hormones, stress-related hormones, and the activity of neural systems that regulate behavioral affect. Comments on part III. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004;1021:134-42.
Reiter EO, Root AW. Hormonal changes of adolescence. Med Clin North Am. 1975;59(6):1289-304. http://doi.org/b8wr.
Finy MS, Bresin K, Korol DL, Verona E. Impulsivity, risk taking, and cortisol reactivity as a function of psychosocial stress and personality in adolescents. Dev Psychopathol. 2014;26(4 pt 1):1093-111. http://doi.org/b8xm.
Miguel-Hidalgo JJ. Brain structural and functional changes in adolescents with psychiatric disorders. Int J Adolesc Med Health. 2013;25(3):245-56. http://doi.org/b8xn.
Romer D, Betancourt LM, Brodsky NL, Giannetta JM, Yang W, Hurt H. Does adolescent risk taking imply weak executive function? A prospective study of relations between working memory performance, impulsivity, and risk taking in early adolescence. Dev Sci. 2011;14(5):1119-33. http://doi.org/cdvxwh.
Casanueva C, Stambaugh L, Urato M, Fraser JG, Williams J. Illicit Drug Use from Adolescence to Young Adulthood among Child Welfare-Involved Youths. J Child Adolesc Subst Abuse. 2014;23(1):29-48. http://doi.org/b8xp.
Urcelay GP, Dalley JW. Linking ADHD, impulsivity, and drug abuse: a neuropsychological perspective. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2012;9:173-97. http://doi.org/bqs9hs.
Musser ED, Backs RW, Schmitt CF, Ablow JC, Measelle JR, Nigg JT. Emotion Regulation via the Autonomic Nervous System in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2011;39(6):841-52. http://doi.org/cg5scb.
Brener ND, Kann L, Shanklin S, Kinchen S, Eaton DK, Hawkins J, et al. Methodology of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013;62(RR-1):1-20.
Lang PJ, Bradley MM, Cuthbert BN. International Affective Picture System (IAPS): Affective ratings of pictures and instruction manual. Gainesville: University of Florida; 2008.
Bradley MM, Codispoti M, Sabatinelli D, Lang PJ. Emotion and Motivation II: Sex Differences in Picture Processing. Emotion. 2001;1(3):300-19. http://doi.org/b8hs47.
Bornas X, Balle M, De la Torre-Luque A, Fiol-Veny A, Llabrés J. Ecological assessment of heart rate complexity: Differences between high- and low-anxious adolescents. Int J Psychophysiol. 2015;98(1):112-8. http://doi.org/f7s952.
Dimensions
PlumX
Visitas a la página del resumen del artículo
Descargas
Cómo citar
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2017 Revista de la Facultad de Medicina
Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 3.0 Unported.
-
