Publicado

2018-04-01

Biochemical events related to glial response in spinal cord injury

Eventos bioquímicos de respuesta glial en la fisiopatología de la lesión de médula espinal

Palabras clave:

Spinal Cord, Microglia, Gliosis, Inflammation, Oligodendrocytes (en)
Médula espinal, Microglía, Gliosis, Inflamación, Oligodendrocitos (es)

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Autores/as

  • Catalina Lapuente-Chala Universidad del Tolima - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics - Department of Animal Health - Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group - Ibagué - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5672-9376
  • Angel Céspedes-Rubio Universidad del Tolima - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics - Department of Animal Health - Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group - Ibagué - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0803-5008

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event with physical, psychological and socioeconomic implications. Morphophysiological changes are observed in the tissue close to the injury, which allow determining the functional recovery of the medullary segment and the effector organs that depend on the injured axonal tracts.

Objective: To describe the most relevant sequential biochemical events of glial cells response after SCI.

Materials and methods: A search of scientific publications released in the past 18 years was carried out in PubMed and Science Direct databases, with the terms spinal cord injury (SCI), SCI pathophysiology, SCI inflammation, microglia in SCI, glial scar and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG).

Results: The pathophysiological processes resulting from SCI are determinant for the neurological recovery of patients. Activation of glial cells plays an important role in promoting bioactive molecules and the formation of physical barriers that inhibit neural regeneration.

Conclusion: Knowledge of neurobiological changes after SCI allows a greater understanding of the pathophysiology and favors the search for new therapeutic alternatives that limit the progression of the primary injury and minimize secondary damage, responsible for neurological dysfunction.

Introducción. La lesión de la médula espinal (LME) es un evento devastador con implicaciones físicas, psicológicas y socioeconómicas. En el tejido cercano a la lesión se instauran cambios morfofisiológicos que determinan la recuperación funcional del segmento medular y de los órganos efectores dependientes de los tractos axonales lesionados.

Objetivo. Describir los eventos bioquímicos secuenciales más relevantes de la respuesta de las células gliales posterior a la LME.

Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de publicaciones científicas de los últimos 18 años en las bases de datos PubMed y ScienceDirect, bajo los términos en inglés spinal cord injury (SCI), SCI pathophysiology, SCI inflammation, microglia in SCI, glial scar y chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG).

Resultados. Los procesos fisiopatológicos que se producen después de la LME determinan la recuperación neurológica de los pacientes. La activación de las células gliales juega un papel importante, ya que promueve la producción de moléculas bioactivas y la formación de barreras físicas que inhiben la regeneración neural.

Conclusión. El conocimiento de los cambios neurobiológicos ocurridos tras la LME permite una mayor comprensión de la fisiopatología y favorece la búsqueda de nuevas alternativas terapéuticas que limiten la progresión de la lesión primaria y que minimicen el daño secundario responsable de la disfunción neurológica.

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Citas

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