Publicado

2019-01-01

Modelos celulares hepáticos para el estudio del metabolismo de los lípidos. Revisión de literatura

Liver cell models for studying lipid metabolism. Literature review

Palabras clave:

Hepatocitos, Triglicéridos, Ácido oleico (es)
Hepatocytes, Triglycerides, Oleic Acid (en)

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Autores/as

  • Johanny Aguillín-Osma Universidad del Quindío - Facultad de Educación - Programa de Licenciatura en Ciencias Naturales
  • Nelsy Loango-Chamorro Universidad del Quindío - Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y tecnológicas – Programa de Biología
  • Patricia Landazuri Universidad del Quindío - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Programa de Medicina

Introducción. El hígado juega un papel importante en la homeostasis lipídica, especialmente en la síntesis de ácidos grasos y triglicéridos. Una amplia variedad de modelos celulares ha sido utilizada para investigar el metabolismo lipídico hepático y para elucidar detalles específicos de los mecanismos bioquímicos del desarrollo y progresión de enfermedades relacionadas, brindando información para tratamientos que reduzcan su impacto. Los modelos celulares hepáticos poseen un alto potencial en la investigación del metabolismo de lípidos y de agentes farmacológicos o principios activos que permiten la reducción de la acumulación de lípidos.

Objetivo. Comparar algunos modelos celulares hepáticos utilizados para el estudio del metabolismo lipídico, sus características y los resultados más relevantes de investigación en ellos.

Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en bases de datos sobre los modelos celulares hepáticos de mayor uso para el estudio del metabolismo de lípidos.

Resultados. Se exponen los cinco modelos celulares más utilizados para este tipo de investigaciones, destacando su origen, aplicación, ventajas y desventajas al momento de estimular el metabolismo lipídico.

Conclusión. Para seleccionar el modelo celular, el investigador debe tener en cuenta cuáles son los requerimientos y el proceso que desea evidenciar, sin olvidar que los resultados obtenidos solo serán aproximaciones de lo que en realidad podría suceder a nivel del hígado como órgano.

Introduction: The liver plays an important role in lipid homeostasis, especially in the synthesis of fatty acids and triglycerides. A wide variety of cell models have been used to investigate liver lipid metabolism and to elucidate specific details of the biochemical mechanisms involved in the development and progression of related diseases, providing information for treatments that reduce their impact. Liver cell models have a high potential for the investigation of lipid metabolism, as well as pharmacological agents or active principles that allow the reduction of lipid accumulation.

Objective: To compare some liver cell models used for studying lipid metabolism, their characteristics and the most relevant research results.

Materials and methods: A systematic search of databases was performed on the most commonly used liver cell models for the study of lipid metabolism.

Results: The five most commonly used cell models for this type of research are presented in this paper, highlighting their origin, application, advantages and disadvantages when stimulating lipid metabolism.

Conclusion: In order to select a cell model, researchers should take into account the requirements and the process they wish to demonstrate, without forgetting that the results obtained will only be approximations of what could actually happen in the liver as an organ.

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