Publicado

2020-01-01

Characterization of prenatal exposure variables in a group of children aged 0-5 years with congenital heart defect treated in Cali, Colombia. The importance of folic acid

Caracterización de la exposición prenatal de un grupo de niños de 0 a 5 años con cardiopatía congénita atendidos en Cali, Colombia. La importancia del ácido fólico

Palabras clave:

Congenital Heart Defects, Environmental Exposure, Congenital Abnormalities (en)
Cardiopatías congénitas, Exposición a riesgos ambientales, Anomalías congénitas (es)

Autores/as

  • Julián Ramírez-Cheyne Universidad del Valle - Facultad de Salud - Escuela de Ciencias Básicas - Departamento de Morfología - Santiago de Cali - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5418-7710

Introduction: Congenital heart defects (CHD) have an estimated prevalence of 4 to 9 cases per 1 000 births, and they have a significant impact on child morbidity and mortality. This prevalence variability has been attributed to regional differences in terms of genetic and environmental factors, among others.

Objective: To obtain data on prenatal exposure variables of patients with CHD treated in Cali, Colombia.

Materials and methods: A survey was administered to the mothers of 30 children aged 0 to 5 years with CDH treated in 2 health institutions of Cali, Colombia. The instrument was oriented to collect data on multiple prenatal exposure variables, and data collected were entered into an Excel database in order to analyze them using descriptive statistics.

Results: Several types of exposure potentially associated with having CHD were found, including altered body mass index, inadequate administration of folic acid, and being exposed to X-rays, vitamin A, alcohol and tobacco.

Conclusion: Insufficient or untimely administration of folic acid could facilitate the development of teratogenic effects of oxidizing agents. Therefore, education programs on the importance of a proper intake of folic acid and the risks derived from exposure to teratogenic agents during pregnancy should be provided to all pregnant women in Cali to reduce the incidence rate of CHD in the city.

Introducción. Con una prevalencia estimada de 4 a 9 casos por cada 1 000 nacimientos, las cardiopatías congénitas (CC) tienen gran impacto en la morbimortalidad pediátrica. La variabilidad de prevalencia se ha atribuido a diferencias regionales en cuanto a factores genéticos, ambientales, entre otros.

Objetivo. Obtener datos sobre variables de exposición prenatales de pacientes con CC atendidos en Cali, Colombia.

Materiales y métodos. Se aplicó una encuesta a las madres de 30 pacientes de 0 a 5 años con CC atendidos en 2 clínicas de alta complejidad (tercer y cuarto nivel) de Cali. La encuesta estaba orientada a múltiples variables de exposición y la información recolectada fue digitalizada en una base de datos en el programa Microsoft Excel para hacer un análisis estadístico descriptivo.

Resultados. Se evidenciaron varias exposiciones potencialmente asociadas a CC, tales como índice de masa corporal alterado, administración inadecuada de suplementos de ácido fólico y exposición a vitamina A, rayos X, alcohol y cigarrillo.

Conclusión. El consumo insuficiente o inoportuno de ácido fólico podría facilitar la generación de efectos teratogénicos de sustancias oxidantes. Por lo tanto, se debe educar a las mujeres de Cali sobre la importancia de una ingesta adecuada de ácido fólico y sobre los riesgos de la exposición a agentes teratogénicos durante el embarazo para reducir las tasas de incidencia de CC en esta ciudad.

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