Formaldehído en ambientes laborales: revisión de la literatura y propuesta de vigilancia ocupacional

Publicado

2020-07-01

Formaldehyde in occupational environments: literature review and an occupational health surveillance proposal

Formaldehído en ambientes laborales: revisión de la literatura y propuesta de vigilancia ocupacional

Palabras clave:

Occupational Exposure, Mutagenicity Tests, Biomarkers, Formaldehyde (en)
Exposición ocupacional, Pruebas de Mutagenicidad, Biomarcadores, Formaldehído (es)

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Autores/as

Marisol Margarita Villadiego-Molinares Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Facultad de Medicina - Maestría en Toxicología - Bogotá D.C. – Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3942-8560
Johanna Alejandra Ramírez-Martínez Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Facultad de Medicina - Maestría en Toxicología - Bogotá D.C. – Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4500-5174
Alba Isabel Rodriguez-Pulido Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Facultad de Medicina - Maestría en Toxicología - Bogotá D.C. – Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1589-2019

Resumen (en)
Resumen (es)

Introduction: Formaldehyde is a substance widely used in the industry; however, it is classified as mutagenic and carcinogenic to humans. In order to determine the risk of workers who are occupationally exposed to formaldehyde, it is necessary to monitor its environmental concentration levels and the biomarkers that allow identifying its potential health effects. Unfortunately, in Colombia there are not guidelines on occupational exposure to this substance.

Objective: To review recent studies on occupational exposure to formaldehyde to design a monitoring and surveillance strategy for Colombian workers exposed to this substance.

Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted in PubMed, MedLine, Science- Direct and Embase using the following search strategy: articles on occupational exposure to formaldehyde published in English or Spanish between 2013 and 2017. The following search terms were used: “occupational exposure”, “formaldehyde” “mutagenicity test” y “DNA adducts” and their Spanish equivalents.

Results: The initial search yielded 103 articles, of which only 36 met the inclusion criteria.

Conclusions: Proper management of the risk derived from occupational exposure to formaldehyde, as well as the appropriate medical follow-up of these workers, requires the implementation of a series of interdisciplinary actions that allow the creation of a comprehensive occupational health surveillance system for workers exposed to this substance.

Introducción. El formaldehído es una sustancia ampliamente usada a nivel industrial; sin embargo, es considerada un agente mutagénico y carcinógeno para los humanos. Para determinar el grado de riesgo de los trabajadores ocupacionalmente expuestos (TOE) al formaldehído, debe hacerse un seguimiento de sus niveles de concentración ambiental y de los biomarcadores que permiten identificar su daño potencial para la salud. En Colombia, lamentablemente, no existen lineamientos respecto a la exposición ocupacional a esta sustancia.

Objetivo. Revisar estudios recientes sobre exposición ocupacional a formaldehído para diseñar una estrategia de seguimiento y vigilancia de los TOE a esta sustancia en Colombia.

Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en PubMed, MedLine, ScienceDirect y Embase mediante la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: artículos sobre exposición ocupacional a formaldehído publicados en inglés o español entre 2013 y 2017. Los términos de búsqueda fueron “occupational exposure”, “formaldehyde” “mutagenicity test” y “DNA adducts” y sus equivalentes en español.

Resultados. La búsqueda inicial arrojó 103 registros, sin embargo solo 36 artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión establecidos.

Conclusiones. La gestión adecuada del riesgo derivado de la exposición ocupacional a formaldehido, así como el seguimiento médico apropiado de estos trabajadores, requiere la implementación de una serie de acciones interdisciplinarias que permitan la creación de un sistema de vigilancia ocupacional integral de los TOE a esta sustancia.

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