Efectos de los ejercicios explosivos y de impacto sobre los parámetros de la marcha en adultas mayores

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2019-10-01

Effects of explosive and impact exercises on gait parameters in elderly women

Efectos de los ejercicios explosivos y de impacto sobre los parámetros de la marcha en adultas mayores

Palabras clave:

Muscle Strength, Elderly, Gait Disorder, Fitness, Locomotion (en)
Fuerza muscular, Envejecimiento, Marcha, Aptitud, Locomoción (es)

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Autores/as

Jhon Fredy Ramírez-Villada Universidad de Antioquia - Instituto Universitario de Educación Física y Ciencias del Deporte - Medellín - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2081-3343
Laura Lorena Cadena-Duarte Universidad Santo Tomás - Facultad de Cultura Física, Deporte y Recreación - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9281-6386
Adriana Rocío Gutiérrez-Galvis Universidad Manuela Beltrán - Laboratorio de Biomecánica - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8010-7128
Rodrigo Argothy-Bucheli Departamento Administrativo del Deporte, la Recreación, la Actividad Fisica y el Aprovechamiento del Tiempo Libre (Coldeportes) - Laboratorio de Biomecánica - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9606-4284
Yesica Moreno-Ramírez Universidad Manuela Beltrán - Laboratorio de Biomecánica - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7191-7615

Introduction: Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have suggested that physical activity programs combining low impact exercises and resistance exercises help maintaining functional capacity in older adults.

Objective: To analyze the effects of an aquatic training program involving both impact and explosive exercises on gait parameters of women aged 60 and above.

Materials and methods: 60 physically active women (64.08±3.98 years) were divided into 2 groups: those training in a pool by performing series of jumps, i.e., the experimental group (EG= 35), and the control group (CG=35). EG participants trained 3 times per week during 32 weeks in an hour per session basis. Body composition measurements, explosive strength, and gait parameters (in a 6 meters long track) were assessed using the center of pressure (COP) indicator before and after participating in the training program.

Results: When comparing both groups, differences in explosive strength and power (EG vs. CG; p values=from 0.05 to 001) were observed, as well as changes in gait parameters related to the COP (EG vs. CG: p = 0.05-001), in particular EG participants had significant and positive changes.

Conclusion: The aquatic training program described here produced an increase in muscle strength and muscle power, thus gait parameters were improved. Bearing this in mind, an improved availability of similar programs for older adults should be considered, since their participation in these programs could help them improve their functional capacity, and, thus, their quality of life.

Introducción. Varias revisiones sistemáticas y meta-análisis han sugerido que los programas de actividad física que combinan ejercicios de bajo impacto y de fuerza mantienen la capacidad funcional en adultos mayores.

Objetivo. Analizar el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento acuático basado en movimientos explosivos y de impacto en los parámetros de la marcha en adultas mayores.

Materiales y métodos. 60 mujeres físicamente activas (64.08±3.98 años) fueron divididas en dos grupos, uno control (CG=35) y otro de intervención (entrenamiento en piscina usando multisaltos) (IG=35). El IG entrenó por 32 semanas, 3 días a la semana, 1 hora por sesión. Se evaluó la composición corporal, la fuerza explosiva y los parámetros de la marcha sobre 6m de recorrido usando el centro de presión (COP) antes y después de participar en el programa.

Resultados. Se presentaron diferencias en la fuerza explosiva y la potencia (EG vs. CG; p=0.05-001), así como cambios en los parámetros de la marcha relacionados al COP (EG vs. CG: p=0.05-001), con cambios significativos y positivos para EG.

Conclusión. El programa de entrenamiento en agua con movimientos de impacto y explosivos induce ganancias en fuerza muscular y potencia, lo que mejora la capacidad de caminar. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, se debe considerar ofrecer una mejor disponibilidad de programas similares a esta población, ya que su participación en estos programas podría ayudarles a mejorar su capacidad funcional y, por tanto, su calidad de vida.

bjetivo: analisar o efeito do treinamento com água utilizando movimentos explosivos e impacto nos parâmetros da marcha em idosos adultos. Método: Um total de 60 mulheres saudáveis fisicamente ativas (64,08 ± 3,98 anos) foram divididas em um grupo de treinamento em piscina usando multishells (GE = 24) e um grupo controle (GC = 23). EG treinado por 32 semanais, 3 dias por semana, uma hora por sessão. Testes de composição corporal, força explosiva e parâmetros de marcha em 6 metros de percurso utilizando o centro de pressão (COP) foram analisados antes e após o programa. Resultados: houve diferenças na força e potência explosiva (GE vs GC, valores de p = 0,05 a 001), além de alterações nos parâmetros da marcha relacionados ao centro de pressão (COP: GE vs GC; valores de p = 0,05 a 001) entre GE vs GC, com alterações significativas e positivas para o GE. Conclusão: O programa de treinamento de água utilizando movimentos explosivos e de impacto induz ganhos na força e potência muscular com transferência positiva nos parâmetros da marcha.

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