Publicado

2020-07-01

Neurotoxical activity of Micrurus snakes venom and methods for its analysis. A literature review

Actividad neurotóxica del veneno de serpientes del género Micrurus y métodos para su análisis. Revisión de la literatura

Palabras clave:

Elapidae, Micrurus, Phospholipases A2, Neuromuscular Junction (en)
Elapidae, Micrurus, Fosfolipasas A2, Unión neuromuscular (es)

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Autores/as

  • Janeth Alejandra Bolívar-Barbosa Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Facultad de Medicina - Departamento de Toxicología - Maestría en Toxicología - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. | Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Facultad de Ciencias - Departamento de Química - Grupo de Investigación en Proteínas- Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2366-5577
  • Ariadna Lorena Rodríguez-Vargas Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Facultad de Ciencias - Departamento de Química - Grupo de Investigación en Proteínas- Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6636-987X

Introduction: Snakes of the genus Micrurus have fossorial habits, passive temperament and scarce production of powerful venom with neurotoxic characteristics that block the synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction.

Objective: To present an overview of the neurotoxicity of the Micrurus snake venom, and its functional characterization by ex vivo analysis methods.

Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted in MedLine and ScienceDirect using specific terms and their combinations. Search strategy: type of studies: articles on the neurotoxicity of Micrurus snake venom and techniques to determine its neurotoxic activity by in vitro, in vivo and ex vivo models; publication period: articles published until June 2018; publication language: English and Spanish.

Results: Of 88 studies identified in the initial search, 28 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria (based on reading titles and abstracts). 8 additional articles (books and reports) were included, since, according to the authors' opinion, they complemented the information reported by the selected studies. The studies included in the review (n=68) were original research papers (n=44), review articles (n=16), and book chapters, reports, guides and online consultations (n=8).

Conclusions: Studies performed using ex vivo muscle and nerve preparations to evaluate the effect of neurotoxins are a good model for the characterization of the pre-synaptic and post-synaptic effect of the venom produced by snakes of the genus Micrurus.

Introducción. Las serpientes del género Micrurus son animales de hábitos fosoriales, de temperamento pasivo y escasa producción de un potente veneno con características neurotóxicas que bloquean la transmisión sináptica en la placa neuromuscular.

Objetivo. Presentar un panorama general de la neurotoxicidad del veneno de las serpientes Micrurus y su caracterización funcional mediante métodos de análisis ex vivo.

Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en MedLine y ScienceDirect usando términos específicos y sus combinaciones. Estrategia de búsqueda: tipo de estudios: artículos sobre la neurotoxicidad del veneno de serpientes Micrurus y técnicas para determinar su actividad neurotóxica mediante modelos in vitro, in vivo y ex vivo; periodo de publicación: sin límite inicial a junio de 2018; idiomas: inglés y español.

Resultados. De los 88 estudios identificados en la búsqueda inicial, se excluyeron 28 por no cumplir los criterios de inclusión (basándose en la lectura de títulos y resúmenes); además, se incluyeron 8 documentos adicionales (libros e informes), que, a criterio de los autores, complementaban la información reportada por las referencias seleccionadas. Los estudios incluidos en la revisión (n=68) correspondieron a las siguientes tipologías: investigaciones originales (n=44), artículos de revisión (n=16) y capítulos de libros, informes, guías y consultas en internet (n=8).

Conclusiones. Los estudios que describen el uso de preparaciones ex vivo de músculo y nervio para evaluar el efecto de neurotoxinas ofrecen un buen modelo para la caracterización del efecto presináptico y postsináptico del veneno producido por las serpientes Micrurus.

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