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Occupational health and safety in agriculture. A systematic review
Salud y seguridad ocupacional en la agricultura. Revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v68n4.76519Palabras clave:
Agricultural Workers' Diseases, Agrochemicals, Occupational Health, Wounds and Injuries (en)Agroquímicos, Enfermedades de los Trabajadores Agrícolas, Heridas y traumatismos, Salud laboral (es)
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Introduction: The prevalence of occupational diseases in the agricultural sector is higher than in other industries, since agricultural workers are at higher risk of exposure to different chemicals and pesticides, and are more prone to occupational accidents.
Objective: To conduct a review of recent literature on occupational health and risk in agriculture.
Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, SciencieDirect and Scopus using the following search strategy: type of articles: original research papers; publication language: English; publication period: 2006-2016; search terms: “agricultural health”, “agrarian health”, “risk factors”, “epidemiology”, “causality” and “occupational”, used in different combinations (“AND” and “OR”).
Results: The search yielded 350 articles, of which 102 met the inclusion criteria. Moreover, 5 articles were found in grey literature sources and included in the final analysis. Most research on this topic has been conducted in the United States, which produced 91% (97/107) of the articles included in the review.
Conclusions: Most studies on agricultural health focused primarily on the harmful effects of occupational exposure to agrochemicals and pesticides, and the consequences of occupational accidents. However, since more than 90% of these studies come from USA, a more comprehensive approach to agricultural health is required, since what is reported here may be far from the reality of other regions, especially Latin America.
Introducción. En el sector agrícola la prevalencia de enfermedades profesionales es más alta que en otras industrias, ya que los agricultores, debido a las actividades que deben realizar, tienen un mayor riesgo de exposición a diferentes químicos y pesticidas, y son más propensos a sufrir accidentes laborales.
Objetivo. Realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre salud y riesgo ocupacional en el sector agrícola.
Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en PubMed, SciencieDirect y Scopus. Se utilizó la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: tipo de artículos: investigaciones originales; idioma: inglés; periodo de publicación: 2006-2016; términos de búsqueda: “agricultural health”, “agrarian health”, “risk factors”, “epidemiology”, “causality” y “occupational”, usados en diferentes combinaciones (“AND” y “OR”).
Resultados. La búsqueda arrojó 350 artículos, de los cuales 102 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Además, se agregaron 5 artículos encontrados en fuentes de literatura gris. El país en el que más se ha investigado sobre este tema es EE. UU., ya que produjo el 91% (97/107) de los artículos incluidos.
Conclusiones. La mayoría de estudios se centró en los efectos de la exposición ocupacional a químicos y pesticidas y las consecuencias de los accidentes laborales; sin embargo, ya que más del 90% de estos proviene de EE. UU., se requiere una discusión más integral sobre la salud en la agricultura, pues lo reportado aquí puede distar mucho de la realidad de otras regiones, especialmente de Latinoamérica.
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Derechos de autor 2020 Revista de la Facultad de Medicina
Esta obra está bajo una licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento 3.0 Unported.
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