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Validation of the Chilean version of the “Workplace Violence in the Health Sector” questionnaire in the prehospital care setting
Validación de la versión chilena del cuestionario “Workplace Violence in the Health Sector” en la atención prehospitalaria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v69n2.82279Palabras clave:
Workplace Violence, Risk Assessment, Validation Studies, Prehospital Emergency Care, Nursing (en)Violencia laboral, Riesgos laborales, Estudios de validación, Atención Prehospitalaria, Enfermería (es)
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Introduction: Workplace violence is becoming increasingly frequent in the health sector. Therefore, valid and reliable instruments are required to measure this phenomenon.
Objective: To validate the factor structure of the Spanish version of the “Workplace Violence in the Health Sector” questionnaire in Chilean prehospital care workers.
Material and methods: Quantitative, multivariate study in which the main components of the Spanish version of the questionnaire were analyzed. After being reviewed by experts and conducting a pilot test, 6 questions were eliminated. The adapted version was administered to 74 health professionals (nurses-kinesiologists) and 148 paramedics working in prehospital care. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (chi-square test). The SPSS v15 software was used to perform data analysis and the principal component analysis (PCA).
Results: The questionnaire had a high overall reliability (α=0.912). According to the PCA, three factors were identified, namely, physical violence (eigenvalue: 8.3), verbal abuse (eigenvalue: 3.7) and mobbing or workplace harassment (eigenvalue: 3.6), which explain 86% of the variance.
Conclusions: The proposed instrument is valid for measuring workplace violence among health professionals working in prehospital care. Having a validated tool to quantify this phenomenon in the country is a significant contribution since it allows carrying out similar studies in other health areas and, based on the results, work on its prevention and the promotion of healthier work environments.
Introducción. La violencia laboral es cada día más frecuente en el sector de la salud. Por ello, se requieren instrumentos válidos y confiables para poder medir este fenómeno.
Objetivo. Validar la estructura factorial de la versión traducida al español del cuestionario “Workplace Violence in the Health Sector” en trabajadores de la atención prehospitalaria de Chile.
Material y métodos. Estudio cuantitativo-multivariado. Se realizó un análisis de componentes principales (ACP) de la versión traducida al español del cuestionario. Luego de ser revisada por expertos y de realizar una prueba piloto, se eliminaron 6 preguntas y la versión adaptada fue aplicada a 74 profesionales sanitarios (enfermeros-kinesiólogos) y 148 técnicos paramédicos que trabajaban en atención prehospitalaria. Para el análisis de los datos se aplicó estadística descriptiva y estadística inferencial (prueba χ²). El programa SPSS v15 se utilizó para realizar el análisis de los datos y el ACP.
Resultados. El cuestionario tuvo una alta confiabilidad total (α=0.912). De acuerdo con el ACP se evidenciaron tres factores —violencia física (valor propio: 8.3), abuso verbal (valor propio 3.7) y mobbing o acoso laboral (valor propio: de 3.6)— que explican el 86% de la varianza.
Conclusiones. El instrumento propuesto es válido para medir la violencia laboral en personal de la salud que se desempeña en atención prehospitalaria. Además, contar con una herramienta validada que permita cuantificar este fenómeno en el país es un aporte significativo, pues es posible realizar estudios similares en otras áreas de la salud y, a partir de sus resultados, trabajar en su prevención y en la promoción de ambientes laborales más saludables.
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