Recomendaciones para la atención nutricional hospitalaria en pacientes con COVID-19. Revisión de la literatura

Publicado

2021-01-01

Recommendations for providing nutritional care to COVID-19 inpatients. A literature review

Recomendaciones para la atención nutricional hospitalaria en pacientes con COVID-19. Revisión de la literatura

Palabras clave:

Coronavirus Infections, Spike Protein, SARS-CoV-2, Nutrition Therapy, COVID-19 (en)
Infecciones por coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, Terapia nutricional, COVID-19 (es)

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Autores/as

Olga Lucia Pinzón-Espitia Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi - Dirección Científica y Proceso de Nutrición - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia | Universidad del Rosario – Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud- Bogotá D.C. – Colombia | Universidad Nacional de Colombia – Sede Bogotá - Facultad de Medicina - Departamento de Nutrición Humana - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9827-2244
Juan Mauricio Pardo-Oviedo Hospital Universitario Mayor Méderi - Dirección Científica y Proceso de Nutrición - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia | Universidad del Rosario – Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud- Bogotá D.C. – Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0084-3449

Resumen (en)
Resumen (es)

Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may require the hospitalization of patients in the most severe cases. Therefore, it is necessary to establish theoretical and practical recommendations for nutritional interventions at hospitals.

Objective: To identify recommendations given to hospital health care teams for providing nutritional care to inpatients over 18 years of age infected with COVID-19.

Materials and methods: A literature review was conducted in PubMed using the following search strategy: publication period: December 2019 to March 2020; publication language: English and Chinese; search terms: “Coronavirus Infection”, “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome” and “Nutrition for Vulnerable Groups”.

Results: A total of 283 articles were retrieved after completing the initial search, of which 6 were selected to analyze nutrition care practices in the hospital setting. The areas of research of these publications were nutritional support, the evaluation of interventions aimed to manage and reduce the severity of pulmonary and hepatic complications, and the effects of antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Conclusion: Recommendations for providing nutritional care to COVID-19 inpatients are based on nutritional care processes and food service management. According to these recommendations, nutritional risk assessment strategies should be established, nutritional support interventions aimed at reducing the risk of malnutrition should be carried out, and the risks associated with the administration of nutritional support, as well as COVID-19-related metabolic disorders, should be monitored.

Introducción. La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) puede llevar a la hospitalización de los pacientes en los casos más graves; por tanto, es necesario establecer recomendaciones teórico-prácticas de intervención nutricional hospitalaria.

Objetivo. Identificar las recomendaciones dirigidas a los equipos de salud hospitalarios para brindar atención nutricional a pacientes hospitalizados mayores de 18 años e infectados con COVID-19.

Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en PubMed mediante la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: periodo de publicación: diciembre 1 de 2019 a marzo 21 de 2020; idiomas de publicación: inglés y chino; términos de búsqueda: “Coronavirus Infection”, “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome” y “Nutrition for Vulnerable Groups”.

Resultados. Se identificaron 283 artículos en la búsqueda inicial, de los cuales se seleccionaron 6 para analizar las prácticas de atención nutricional hospitalaria. Las áreas de investigación de estas publicaciones fueron soporte nutricional; evaluación de intervenciones para abordar y disminuir la severidad de las complicaciones pulmonares y hepáticas, y efectos de antioxidantes y ácidos grasos omega-3 en adultos con síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda.

Conclusión. Las recomendaciones para la atención nutricional hospitalaria en pacientes con COVID-19 se basan en procesos de cuidado nutricional y en la gestión de los servicios de alimentación; según estas recomendaciones, se deben establecer estrategias de evaluación de riesgo nutricional, realizar intervenciones de soporte nutricional que reduzcan el riesgo de desnutrición y vigilar los riesgos asociados a la administración del soporte nutricional y las alteraciones metabólicas asociadas a esta enfermedad.

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