Perfil de manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes con COVID-19: revisión de la literatura publicada durante los primeros seis meses de la pandemia

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2022-10-01

Profile of neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19: Review of the literature published during the first six months of the pandemic

Perfil de manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes con COVID-19: revisión de la literatura publicada durante los primeros seis meses de la pandemia

Palabras clave:

Coronavirus infections, Neurologic Manifestations, Nervous System, COVID-19 (en)
Infecciones por coronavirus, Manifestaciones neurológicas, Sistema nervioso, COVID-19 (es)

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Autores/as

Maria Alejandra Daza-Latorre Universidad El Bosque - Facultad de Medicina - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7117-5794
Carlos Mario Echeverria-Palacio Universidad del Rosario - Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud - Grupo de Neurociencias de la Universidad del Rosario - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. | Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá - Departamento de Pediatría - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3823-805X
Sofia Albornoz Universidad El Bosque - Facultad de Medicina - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3018-8713
Juan Argothy Universidad El Bosque - Facultad de Medicina - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4246-831X
Lilia Ballesteros-Egurrola Universidad El Bosque - Facultad de Medicina - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2847-8159
María Camila Ocampo Universidad El Bosque - Facultad de Medicina - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7182-4937
Juan Felipe Vera Universidad El Bosque - Facultad de Medicina - Bogotá D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5468-8619

Resumen (en)
Resumen (es)

Introduction: Several studies describing different neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19 were published during the first six months of the pandemic.

Objective: To collect and synthesize the scientific evidence published within the first six months after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic on neurological manifestations in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, as well as their prevalence and variations in specific populations.

Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE using the following search strategy: types of study: any study describing neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients; publication period: March 11-August 31, 2020; publication language: English; search terms and search equation: (("COVID-19") AND "Neurologic Manifestations").

Results: The initial search yielded 388 records, of which 79 met the eligibility criteria and were included for full analysis. Most studies were case reports (50.63% individual case reports and 18.99% case series), while only 30.38% were analytical studies, with cross-sectional studies being the most common (n=25). The most frequently described neurological manifestation was smell and/or taste disorder (43.04%), followed by peripheral neuropathy (20.25%), seizures (8.86%), encephalitis (7.59%), and delirium (5.06%). Other manifestations reported to a lesser extent included headache, myositis, stroke, and transverse myelitis.

Conclusion: Most neurological manifestations reported have a favorable progress, occur in young patients without any comorbidity, and are unrelated to the severity of the disease. Other manifestations such as delirium and epileptic seizures occur more frequently in people with a history of dementia or epilepsy, respectively. Finally, some manifestations such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and stroke may cause several sequelae.

Introducción. Durante los primeros seis meses de la pandemia por COVID-19 se publicaron varios estudios que describen diferentes manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes con esta enfermedad.

Objetivo. Recopilar y sintetizar evidencia científica publicada en los seis meses posteriores a la declaración de la pandemia por COVID-19 sobre manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes infectados con SARS-CoV-2, así como sus variaciones y frecuencia en poblaciones específicas.

Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en PubMed/Medline mediante la siguiente estrategia de búsqueda: tipos de estudio: cualquier estudio que describiera manifestaciones neurológicas en pacientes con COVID-19; periodo de publicación: marzo 11 a agosto 31, 2020; idioma de publicación: inglés; términos y ecuación de búsqueda: (("COVID-19") AND "Neurologic Manifestations").

Resultados. La búsqueda inicial arrojó 388 registros, de los cuales 79 cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. La mayoría de los estudios fueron reportes de caso (50.63% fueron reportes individuales de caso y 18.99%, series de casos), mientras que solo 30.38% fueron estudios analíticos, siendo los estudios transversales los más frecuentes (n=20). La manifestación neurológica descrita más frecuentemente fue la alteración de olfato y/o gusto (43.04%), seguida de neuropatía periférica (20.25%), convulsiones (8.86%), encefalitis (7.59%) y delirium (5.06%). Otras manifestaciones reportadas en menor proporción fueron cefalea, miositis, accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y mielitis transversa.

Conclusión. La mayoría de las manifestaciones neurológicas de la COVID-19 reportadas tienen una evolución favorable, ocurren en pacientes jóvenes sin comorbilidades y no tienen relación con la severidad de la enfermedad. Otras manifestaciones, como delirium y crisis epilépticas, se presentan con mayor frecuencia en población con antecedente de demencia o epilepsia, respectivamente. Por último, algunas manifestaciones como el síndrome de Guillain-Barré y los ACV pueden causar secuelas.

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