Publicado
Blackness and Heathenism. Color, Theology, and Race in the Portuguese World, c. 1450-1600
Negrura y paganismo. Color, teología y raza en el mundo portugués, c. 1450-1600
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/achsc.v43n2.59068Palabras clave:
Black africans, heathens, conversos, Portuguese Empire, jews, slavery, race. (en)Africanos negros, paganos, conversos, Imperio portugués, judíos, esclavitud, raza. (es)
The coexistence of a process of hierarchy and discrimination among human groups alongside dynamics of cultural and social hybridization in the Portuguese world in the early modern age has led to an intense historiographical debate. This article aims to contribute to extending our perspectives, focusing on the circulation of two global categories of classification: negro (Black) and gentio (Heathen) between the mid-fifteenth and late-sixteenth century. In particular, it explores the intersections between the perception of skin color and the reworking of theological concepts in a biologizing direction, which ran parallel to the development of an anti-Jewish theory based on blood purity. The line of enquiry leads from the coasts of West Africa, where it immediately meets the problem of slavery, to Brazil, via South Asia. The intense cross-fertilization of the categories of negro and gentio in the Portuguese world provides us with an alternative geography and institutional process of racialization to that of the Spanish Empire.
La coexistencia de un proceso de jerarquización y discriminación entre grupos humanos, junto a dinámicas de hibridación cultural y social en el mundo portugués de la Edad Moderna, ha llevado a un intenso debate historiográfico. Este artículo pretende contribuir a la ampliación de nuestras perspectivas, enfocándose en la circulación de dos categorías globales de clasificación: negro y gentio (pagano) entre mediados del siglo xv y finales del xvi. En particular, explora las intersecciones entre la percepción del color de la piel y la reformulación de conceptos teológicos en una dirección biologizante, hechos paralelos al desarrollo de una teoría anti-judía basada en la pureza de la sangre. La línea de investigación nos lleva de las costas occidentales de África, donde inmediatamente se encuentra con el problema de la esclavitud, hasta Brasil, pasando por el sur de Asia. El intenso intercambio de las categorías negros y gentios en el mundo portugués nos provee una geografía y un proceso institucional de racialización alternativo al del Imperio Español.
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