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Public Slavery, Racial Formation, and the Struggle over Honor in French New Orleans, 1718-1769
Esclavitud pública, formación racial y la pugna por el honor en la Nueva Orleans francesa, 1718-1769
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/achsc.v43n2.59075Palabras clave:
Honor, Louisiana, 17th century, race, State, slavery. (en)Honor, Luisiana, siglo XVII, raza, Estado, esclavitud. (es)
In New Orleans throughout the French Regime (1718-1769), ruling authorities did not only shape the slave system through the way they exercised their political and administrative prerogatives and functions, but were directly involved as slaveholders. Public slavery facilitated the emergence of New Orleans and Lower Louisiana society as a slave society, and was not necessarily incompatible with racial prejudice and discrimination. On the contrary, it fueled the construction of race. At the same time, it made visible the fact that honor did not only define the boundary between the free and the non-free and the identity of the white population.
Durante el régimen francés en Nueva Orleans (1718-1769), las autoridades no solo le dieron forma al sistema esclavista a través de la manera en que ejercían sus funciones y prerrogativas políticas y administrativas, sino que también estuvieron vinculadas directamente al ser dueñas de esclavos. La esclavitud pública facilitó la emergencia de sociedades esclavistas en Nueva Orleans y la Baja Luisiana, y no fue necesariamente incompatible con el prejuicio racial y la discriminación. Por el contrario, alimentó la construcción de la raza e hizo visible el hecho de que el honor no solo definía el límite entre libres y no libres, sino la identidad de la población blanca.
Citas
I. Primary sources
Archives
Archives Nationales d’Outre-Mer (anom), Aix-en-Provence, France Fonds des Colonies, Secrétariat d’État à la Marine
Série A: Arrêts, déclarations, édits et ordonnances concernant les colonies
Série B: Correspondance au départ avec les colonies
Série C13: Correspondance à l’arrivée en provenance de la Louisiane
Série F3 : Collection Moreau de Saint-Méry
Dépôt des Papiers Publics des Colonies
Série G1: Recensements, rôles et états de réfugiés, fois et hommages, titres de concessions
Dépôt des Fortifications des Colonies
Archdiocesan Archives (aa), New Orleans, U.S.A.
St. Louis Cathedral
Baptisms, Marriages and Funerals
Louisiana State Museum (lsm), New Orleans, U.S.A.
Records of the Superior Council of Louisiana (rscl), 1714-1769
Periodicals
Magazines
Louisiana Historical Quarterly (1927)
Printed documents and manuscripts
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Greenwald, Erin M., ed. A Company Man: The Remarkable French-Atlantic Voyage of a Clerk for the Company of the Indies. A Memoir by Marc-Antoine Caillot. New Orleans: The Historic New Orleans Collection, 2013.
Hachard, Marie Madeleine. Relation du Voyage des Dames religieuses ursulines de Rouen à La Nouvelle-Orléans. 1728. Paris: Maisonneuve, 1872.
Le Mascrier, Jean-Baptiste. Mémoires historiques sur la Louisiane. Paris: Cl. J. G. Bauche, 1753.
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Tertre, Jean-Baptiste du. Histoire générale des Antilles. Paris: T. Jolly, 1667-1671.
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II. Secondary sources
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Bastien, Pascal. “Usage politique des corps et rituels de l’exécution publique à Paris, XVII-XVIII siècle”. Crime, Histoire & Sociétés/Crime, History & Society 6.1 (2002): 31-56.
Buckley, Roger Norman. Slaves in Red Coats: The British West India Regiments, 1795-1815. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979.
Dawdy, Shannon Lee. Building the Devil’s Empire: French Colonial New Orleans. Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2008.
Dawdy, Shannon Lee. “Proper Caresses and Prudent Distance: A How-To Manual from Colonial Louisiana”. Haunted by Empire: Geographies of Intimacy in North American History. Ed. Ann Laura Stoler. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006. 140-162.
Dawdy, Shannon Lee. “The Burden of Louis Congo and the Evolution of Savagery in Colonial Louisiana”. Discipline and the Other Body: Correction, Corporeality, Colonialism. Eds. Steven Pierce and Anapuma Rao. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006. 61-89.
Díaz, María Elena. The Virgin, the King and the Royal Slaves of El Cobre: Negotiating Freedom in Colonial Cuba, 1670-1780. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000.
Drévillon, Hervé, and Diego Venturino, eds. Penser et vivre l’honneur à l’époque moderne. Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2011.
Eaton, Richard M. “The Rise and Fall of Military Slavery in the Deccan, 1450-1650”. Slavery and South Asian History. Eds. Indrani Chatterjee and Richard M. Eaton. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2006. 115-35.
Giraud, Marcel. Histoire de la Louisiane française. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1953-1974.
Giraud, Marcel. A History of French Louisiana. Vol. 5: The Company of the Indies, 1723-1731. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1991.
Hall, Gwendolyn M. Africans in Colonial Louisiana: The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth Century. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992.
Iliffe, John. “The Honour of the Slave”. Honour in African History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 119-39.
Ingersoll, Thomas N. Mammon and Manon in Early New Orleans: The First Slave Society in the Deep South, 1718-1819. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1999.
Jennings, Evelyn Powell. “State Enslavement in Colonial Havana, 1763-1790”. Slavery without Sugar: Diversity in Caribbean Economy and Society Since the 17th Century. Ed. Verene A. Shepherd. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2002. 152-82.
Jennings, Evelyn Powell. “In the Eye of the Storm: The Spanish Colonial State and African Enslavement in Havana, 1763-90”. Historical Reflections/Réflexions historiques 20.1 (2003): 143-62.
Jennings, Evelyn Powell. “War as the ‘Forcing House of Change’: State Slavery in Late- Eighteenth-Century Cuba”. William and Mary Quarterly 62.3 (2005): 411-40.
Kesselring, K. J. “‘Negroes of the Crown’: The Management of Slaves Forfeited by Grenadian Rebels, 1796–1831”. Journal of the Canadian Historical Association /Revue de la Société historique du Canada 22.2 (2011): 1-29.
Marquese, Rafael de Bivar. Feitores do Corpo, Missionários da mente: Senhores, letrados e o controle dos ecravos nas Américas, 1660-1860. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2004.
McClellan III, James E., and François Regourd. The Colonial Machine: French Science and Overseas Expansion in the Old Regime. Turnhout: Brepols, 2011.
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Ogle, Gene E. “Slaves of Justice: Saint-Domingue’s Executioners and the Production of Shame”. Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 29.2 (2003): 275-93.
Patterson, Orlando. Slavery and Social Death: A Comparative Study. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1982.
Porret, Michel. “Corps flétri, corps soigné: l’attouchement du bourreau au xviiie siècle”. Le corps violenté: du geste à la parole. Ed. Michel Porret. Genève: Droz, 1998. 103-135.
Renucci, Florence. “L’exécuteur des sentences criminelles en France au dernier siècle de l’Ancien Régime”. Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis/Revue d’histoire du droit/The Legal History Review 76 (2008): 373-91.
Spieler, Miranda. “Slave Flight, Slave Torture, and the State: Nineteenth-Century French Guyana”. French Politics, Culture & Society 33.1 (2015): 55-74.
Stilwell, Sean. Paradoxes of Power: The Kano “Mamluks” and Male Royal Slavery in the Sokoto Caliphate, 1804-1903. Portsmouth: Heinemann, 2004.
Stilwell, Sean. “Power, Honour and Shame: The Ideology of Royal Slavery in the Sokoto Caliphate”. Africa: Journal of the International African Institute 70.3 (2000): 394-421.
Thompson, Alvin O. Unprofitable Servants: Crown Slaves in Berbice, Guyana 1808- 1831. Kingston: The University of the West Indies Press, 2002.
Vidal, Cécile. “Caribbean New Orleans: Urban Genesis, Empire, and Race in the Eighteenth-Century French Atlantic”. HDR dissertation in History. Paris: Université Paris-Sorbonne, 2014.
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Derechos de autor 2016 Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
