Publicado

2021-04-19

Complejo OEIS (onfalocele, extrofia vesical, ano imperforado y defectos espinales), una entidad más confusa de lo que se cree. Reporte de caso

OEIS complex (omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects): a confusing syndrome. Case report.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/cr.v7n1.85912

Palabras clave:

Defectos del Tubo Neural, NeuralMeningomielocele, Ano Imperforado, Extrofia de la vejiga (es)
DefectsMeningomyelocele, Anus, Imperforate, Neural Tube Defects, Bladder Exstrophy (en)

Autores/as

  • Natalia Martínez Córdoba Universidad Militar Nueva Granada - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Department of Pediatric Neurology - Bogotá, D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2446-7890
  • Eugenia Espinosa Universidad Militar Nueva Granada - Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - Department of Pediatric Neurology - Bogotá, D.C. - Colombia. Universidad del Rosario - School of Medicine and Health Sciences - Department of Pediatric Neurology - Bogotá, D.C. - Colombia. Hospital Militar Central - Department of Pediatric Neurology - Bogotá, D.C. - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0890-6475

Introducción. El complejo OEIS es un conjunto de defectos polimalformativos con baja incidencia y prevalencia mundial que suele estar asociado a causas epigenéticas y genéticas que ocasionan alteración al final de la blastogénesis, dando como resultado la asociación de cuatro malformaciones clásicas: onfalocele, extrofia vesical, ano imperforado y lesiones de la médula espinal. En ocasiones también se presenta espina bífida, diástasis de la sínfisis púbica y anormalidades en las extremidades.

Presentación del caso. Paciente femenina de 7 meses de edad (al momento de la elaboración del presente reporte), procedente de un área rural colombiana, producto de una tercera gestación con alto riesgo obstétrico y diagnosticada prenatalmente con un defecto en el plegamiento caudal de la pared abdominal y un lipomeningocele. Durante el nacimiento se evidenció extrofia vesical, ano imperforado y disrafismo espinal, lo que permitió plantear el diagnóstico de complejo OEIS e iniciar manejo interdisciplinario pertinente.

Conclusiones. El complejo OEIS es una polimalformación fetal con signos y anomalías características, en donde los conocimientos sobre la etiopatogenia, el diagnóstico pre y postnatal, el asesoramiento genético y las propuestas terapéuticas son primordiales para favorecer el manejo precoz de las diferentes comorbilidades, aliviar la sintomatología aguda, reducir múltiples comorbilidades y mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente.

Introduction: The OEIS complex is a group of polymorphic defects with low incidence and prevalence worldwide. It is associated with epigenetic and genetic causes that occur in early blastogenesis, resulting in 4 classic malformations consisting of omphalocele, bladder/cloaca exstrophy, imperforate anus, and spinal cord injuries. Spina bifida, symphysis pubis diastasis and limb abnormalities may also be observed.

Case presentation: 7-month-old female patient (at the time of writing this report). The mother was from a rural region of Colombia, and this was her third pregnancy, which was at high risk of obstetric complications. The infant was prenatally diagnosed with a caudal folding defect in the abdominal wall and a lipomeningocele. During birth, bladder exstrophy, imperforate anus and spinal dysraphism were observed, leading to a diagnosis of OEIS complex. Relevant interdisciplinary management was initiated.

Conclusions: The OEIS complex is a fetal polymorphic malformation with characteristic signs and defects. Knowledge on its etiopathogenesis, pre-and postnatal diagnosis, genetic counseling, and therapeutic approaches are essential to favor the early treatment of different comorbidities, alleviate acute symptoms, reduce multiple comorbidities and improve the patient's quality of life.

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Complejo OEIS (onfalocele, extrofia vesical, ano imperforado y defectos espinales), una entidad más confusa de lo que se cree. Reporte de caso. (2021). Case Reports, 7(1), 41-49. https://doi.org/10.15446/cr.v7n1.85912