Publicado

2022-12-01

Perinatal prognosis in euploid fetus with cystic hygroma. Report of two clinical cases

Pronóstico perinatal en fetos euploides con higroma quístico. Reporte de dos casos clínicos

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/cr.v8n2.92779

Palabras clave:

Lymphangioma, Cystic, Fetus, Prognosis (en)
Linfangioma quístico, Feto, Pronóstico (es)

Autores/as

  • Rafael Eduardo Tarazona-Bueno Hospital Militar Central - Department of Gynecology - Bogotá - Colombia/Universidad Militar Nueva Granada - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Gynecology - Bogotá- Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9176-8194
  • Rafael Leonardo Aragón-Mendoza Hospital Militar Central - Department of Gynecology - Maternal and Fetal Medicine Unit - Bogotá - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9143-1006
  • Deisy Yurany Daza Leguizamón Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana - Gynecology Service - Bogotá - Colombia/Universidad de La Sabana - Faculty of Medicine - Department of Gynecology - Bogotá - Colombia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6378-4952
  • Marcela Altman-Restrepo Hospital Militar Central - Department of Gynecology - Maternal and Fetal Medicine Unit - Bogotá - Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0262-0137

Introduction: Cystic hygroma (CH) is a rare congenital anomaly of the lymphatic system. It is characterized by cystic lesions predominantly in the fetal neck and its prenatal diagnosis has been associated with increased perinatal mortality, aneuploidy, and congenital malformations.

Case presentation: Two cases of cervical cystic hygroma diagnosed during the second trimester of gestation are presented, one of them associated with bilateral clubfoot. Both fetuses underwent karyotyping by amniocentesis, which established that both were euploid (46 XY and 46 XX), as well as fetal nuclear magnetic resonance imaging that showed no associated major malformations. In the interdisciplinary follow-up performed 1 year after birth, no findings consistent with genetic syndromes or neurodevelopmental alterations were observed in either of the 2 cases.

Conclusions: CH is a marker of poor fetal prognosis; however, euploid fetuses with this condition have a better prognosis if their lesion resolves, do not progress to hydrops fetalis, and do not present other associated malformations. Euploid fetuses with CH require specific genetic studies for RASopathies, such as Noonan syndrome, which were not available in the clinical approach of the 2 cases presented; however, typical postnatal characteristics of the disease were not evident in the clinical genetic evaluation.

Introducción. Los higromas quísticos (HQ) son anomalías congénitas poco frecuentes del sistema linfático que se caracterizan por lesiones quísticas, de predominio en el cuello. Su diagnóstico prenatal se ha asociado con un aumento de mortalidad perinatal, aneuploidías y malformaciones congénitas.

Presentación de los casos. Se presentan dos casos de HQ cervicales diagnosticados durante el segundo trimestre de gestación, uno de ellos asociado a pie equino varo bilateral. En ambos fetos se practicó amniocentesis para realizar prueba de cariotipo, que permitió establecer que ambos eran euploides (46XY y 46XX), y resonancia magnética nuclear fetal, que no mostró malformaciones mayores asociadas. En el
seguimiento interdisciplinario realizado 1 año después del nacimiento no se observaron hallazgos compatibles con síndromes genéticos ni alteraciones en el neurodesarrollo en ninguno de los 2 casos.

Conclusiones. El HQ es un marcador de mal pronóstico fetal; sin embargo, fetos euploides con esta condición tienen mejor pronóstico si presentan resolución de la lesión y no desarrollan hidropesía fetal ni otras malformaciones asociadas. Los fetos euploides con HQ requieren estudios genéticos específicos para rasopatías, como el síndrome de Noonan, los cuales no estuvieron disponibles en el abordaje clínico en estos 2 casos; sin embargo, en la valoración por genética clínica no se hallaron características postnatales típicas de estas afecciones.

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Pronóstico perinatal en fetos euploides con higroma quístico. Reporte de dos casos clínicos. (2022). Case Reports, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.15446/cr.v8n2.92779