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Determining the Effect of Photovoltaic Module Surface Temperature on Generation Efficiency
Determinación del efecto de la temperatura superficial de los módulos fotovoltaicos en su eficiencia de generación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.106383Keywords:
solar PV-T module, PV surface temperature, PV efficiency (en)módulo solar PV-T, temperatura superficial PV, eficiencia PV (es)
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It is imperative to consider the environmental impact of energy production and its cost in deciding how to meet future energy needs. In this regard, it is possible to harness the power of the sun by using photovoltaic (PV) cells. However, when the temperature of a PV cell increases, its generation efficiency is negatively affected. The open-circuit voltage of PV modules is the most sensitive parameter to temperature changes. As the temperature rises, this parameter decreases, and the short-circuit current increases. The circuit's resistance also rises as the electrons’ speed is reduced. Temperature also affects the lifespan of PV cells, increasing the rate of thermal decay in their materials. On the other hand, when solar radiation is absorbed at lower temperatures, the system’s efficiency, power capacity, and useful life increase. PV module surface temperatures can be reduced in a variety of ways, e.g., the surface can be cooled using water. This work studied hybrid PV-thermal modules under the climate conditions of the Hatay province (Turkey) in order to assess the effect of water cooling on their generation efficiency. The results allow stating that up to 52.6% more electricity can be generated by cooling the module's surface. Additionally, it was found that, in order for PV modules to perform efficiently in Hatay's climate, they must operate at a maximum surface temperature of 55 °C.
Es imperativo considerar el impacto ambiental de la producción de energía y su costo al decidir cómo satisfacer las necesidades energéticas futuras. A este respecto, es posible aprovechar el poder del sol utilizando células fotovoltaicas (PV). Sin embargo, cuando la temperatura de una célula PV aumenta, su eficiencia de generación se ve negativamente afectada. El voltaje en circuito abierto de los módulos PV es el parámetro más sensible a los cambios de temperatura. A medida que la temperatura aumenta, este parámetro disminuye, y la corriente de cortocircuito aumenta. La resistencia del circuito también se eleva a medida que la velocidad de los electrones se reduce. La temperatura también afecta la vida útil de las células PV, incrementando la tasa de degradación térmica en sus materiales. Por otro lado, cuando la radiación solar se absorbe a temperaturas más bajas, la eficiencia del sistema, la capacidad de potencia y la vida útil aumentan. Las temperaturas superficiales de los módulos PV pueden reducirse de varias maneras, e.g., la superficie puede enfriarse utilizando agua. Este trabajo estudió módulos híbridos PV-térmicos bajo las condiciones climáticas de la provincia de Hatay (Turquía) con el fin de evaluar el efecto del enfriamiento con agua en su eficiencia de generación. Los resultados permiten afirmar que se puede generar hasta un 52.6 % más de electricidad enfriando la superficie del módulo. Además, se encontró que, para que los módulos PV funcionen eficientemente en el clima de Hatay, deben operar a una temperatura superficial máxima de 55 °C.
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