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La huella ecológica aplicada al análisis del ciclo de vida, corporaciones y ciudades: una revisión sistemática
The Ecological Footprint Applied to Life Cycle Analysis, Corporations, and Cities: A Systematic Review
A pegada ecológica aplicada à análise do ciclo de vida, corporações e cidades: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v34n91.101009Palabras clave:
análisis de ciclo de vida, ciudad, corporación, huella ecológica, revisión sistemática (es)Life cycle analysis, city, corporation, ecological footprint, systematic review (en)
análise do ciclo de vida, cidade, corporação, pegada ecológica, revisão sistemática (pt)
La huella ecológica (HE) es un indicador para estimar la superficie productiva requerida en términos de consumo de recursos y asimilación de desechos de una población, la cual se ha adaptado a distintas escalas y propósitos. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar el concepto, la metodología y las modificaciones de la HE en tres grupos de interés: análisis de ciclo de vida (ACV), corporaciones y ciudades. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura con la base de datos de Scopus, por medio del protocolo PRISMA, desde 1992 al 2021. La búsqueda inicial incluyó 1.353 escritos y se analizaron 42 por su relevancia. Los resultados para los tres ejes de análisis fueron los siguientes: el ACV se 0061linea con la ISO 14040 y se enriquece con la HE; en las corporaciones se utiliza mayormente el método compuesto de cuentas contables (MC3), de acuerdo con el tamaño y giro de la corporación; en las ciudades la problemática es la falta de información específica para medirla. Se identificó que el concepto original de HE de Wackernagel y Rees es el más citado. La contribución principal de este trabajo es dar cuenta de las adaptaciones del concepto a ACV, corporaciones y ciudades, mostrando su vigencia como indicador. Los resultados se limitan a una sola base de datos para la revisión.
The ecological footprint (EF) is an indicator used to estimate the productive land required in terms of resource consumption and waste assimilation for a population that has been adapted to different scales and purposes. The objective of this research is to analyze the concept, methodology, and modifications of the ef in three areas of interest: life cycle analysis (LCA), corporations, and cities. A systematic literature review covering the 1992-2021 period was conducted using the Scopus database and following the prisma protocol. The initial search included 1,353 articles, of which 42 were analyzed for their relevance. The results for the three areas of analysis are as follows. LCA aligns with iso 14040 and is enriched with the ef. In corporations, the most commonly used method is the compound method of accounting (MC3), depending on the size and business sector of the corporation. For cities, there is an issue related to the lack of specific information for measurement. It was identified that the original concept of EF by Wackernagel and Rees is the most cited. The main contribution of this research is to account for the adaptations of the concept of ef to LCA, corporations, and cities, showing its relevance as an indicator. As a keynote, our results are limited to a single database for the review.
a pegada ecológica (PE) é um indicador para estimar a superfície produtiva necessária em termos de consumo de recursos e assimilação de resíduos de uma população, que foi adaptada a diferentes escalas e propósitos. O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o conceito, a metodologia e as modificações da pegada ecológica em três grupos de interesse: análise do ciclo de vida (ACV), corporações e cidades. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura no banco de dados Scopus, usando o protocolo prisma, de 1992 a 2021. A pesquisa inicial incluiu 1.353 artigos e 42 foram analisados quanto à sua relevância. Os resultados para os três eixos de análise foram os seguintes: o ACV está alinhado com a ISO 14040 e é enriquecido com a PE; nas corporações, o método composto pelas contas contábeis (MC3) é mais usado, de acordo com o tamanho e o ramo de negócios da corporação; nas cidades, o problema é a falta de informações específicas para medi-lo. O conceito original de Wackernagel e Rees foi identificado como o mais citado. A principal contribuição deste artigo é apresentar um relato das adaptações do conceito para ACV, corporações e cidades, mostrando sua validade como indicador. Os resultados são limitados a um único banco de dados para a revisão.
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