Interacción intergeneracional y gestión del cambio en empresas familiares agrícolas: un análisis desde las dimensiones racional, emocional y contextual
Intergenerational Interaction and Change Management in Agricultural Family Businesses: An Analysis from the Rational, Emotional, and Contextual Dimensions
Interação intergeracional e gestão de mudanças em empresas familiares agrícolas: uma análise das dimensões racional, emocional e contextual
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v34n91.101682Palabras clave:
Agricultura, Conflicto, Empresa familiar, Granja familiar, Innovación, Sucesión (es)Agriculture, Conflict, Family business, Family farm, Innovation, Succession (en)
agricultura, conflito, empresa familiar, fazenda familiar, inovação, sucessão (pt)
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El cambio y la transición generacional reflejados en la innovación son cruciales para la continuidad de las empresas familiares. La mayor parte de los cambios en este tipo de empresas se dan a medida que avanza la transición generacional, con al menos dos generaciones interactuando. Este estudio analiza la gestión del cambio en el contexto de la interacción intergeneracional con el objetivo de responder a la siguiente pregunta: ¿Cómo promover la ocurrencia del cambio y la generación de resultados positivos en las empresas familiares? Para ello, se adoptó un diseño de estudio de caso múltiple orientado a analizar tres situaciones de cambio en igual número de empresas del sector agrícola, las cuales presentan un marcado contraste en términos de resultados derivados de sus procesos de cambio. Para explicar los resultados obtenidos, se utilizó un marco de análisis que examina las dimensiones racional, emocional y contextual de los procesos de cambio estudiados. Así, se identificó que el cambio se logra más fácilmente cuando: i) un sentido de pertenencia psicológica anima a las nuevas generaciones a contribuir con nuevas ideas; ii) el cambio implementado genera resultados inmediatos y fácilmente visibles; iii) el número de miembros de la familia involucrados es bajo; y iv) el contexto brinda oportunidades de financiamiento. A su vez, el cambio produce resultados positivos al estar precedido por conflictos abiertos y cognitivos, y cuando el contexto permite acceder a redes de conocimiento. Este trabajo es una propuesta novedosa que analiza la gestión del cambio durante una etapa de interacción intergeneracional, una realidad permanente que es poco abordada en los procesos de innovación en el contexto de las empresas familiares.
Generational transition and change reflected in innovation are crucial for the continuity of family businesses. Most of the changes are made as the generational transition progresses, having at least two generations interacting. This study analyses change management in the context of intergenerational interaction to answer the question: How to drive change so that it takes place and generates positive results for family businesses? A multiple case study design was adopted to analyse three situations of change with a sharp contrast in their results in three agricultural enterprises. A framework that examines the rational, emotional, and contextual dimensions of change processes was used to explain the results. Change was found to be more easily accomplished when: i) a sense of psychological ownership encourages new generations to contribute new ideas; ii) change generates immediate and easily visible results; iii) the number of family members involved is low; and iv) the context provides funding opportunities. In turn, change produces positive results when it is preceded by open and cognitive conflict, and when the context offers opportunities to access knowledge networks. This work is a unique piece in the sense that it analyses the management of change during intergenerational interaction, an almost permanent situation that is little studied in innovation processes in the context of family businesses.
a mudança e a transição geracional refletidas na inovação são cruciais para a continuidade das empresas familiares. A maioria das mudanças nesse tipo de empresa ocorre à medida que a transição geracional avança, com a interação de pelo menos duas gerações. Este estudo analisa a gestão de mudanças no contexto da interação intergeracional com o objetivo de responder à seguinte pergunta: como promover a ocorrência de mudanças e a geração de resultados positivos em empresas familiares? Para isso, foi adotado um projeto de estudo de casos múltiplos para analisar três situações de mudança em um número igual de empresas do setor agrícola, que apresentam um contraste marcante em termos dos resultados derivados de seus processos de mudança. Para explicar os resultados obtidos, foi utilizada uma estrutura de análise que examina as dimensões racional, emocional e contextual dos processos de mudança estudados. Assim, identificou-se que a mudança é mais facilmente alcançada quando 1) um senso de propriedade psicológica incentiva as novas gerações a contribuir com novas ideias; 2) a mudança implementada gera resultados imediatos e facilmente visíveis; 3) o número de membros da família envolvidos é baixo; e 4) o contexto oferece oportunidades de financiamento. Por sua vez, a mudança produz resultados positivos quando é precedida por conflitos abertos e cognitivos, e quando o contexto oferece acesso a redes de conhecimento. Este artigo é uma proposta inovadora que analisa a gestão da mudança durante um estágio de interação intergeracional, uma realidade permanente que é pouco abordada nos processos de inovação no contexto de empresas familiares.
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1. Marlen López-Pérez, Asael Islas-Moreno, Oscar Arce-Cervantes, Benito Flores-Chávez. (2025). Succession intentions and expectations: compatibility and determinants in agricultural family businesses. Journal of Family Business Management, 15(4), p.949. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFBM-01-2025-0019.
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