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The Influence of Internationalization, Marketing Capabilities, and Export Assistance on Export Performance in the Roots and Tubers Sector of Costa Rica
Influencia de la internacionalización, las capacidades de marketing y la asistencia técnica sobre el desempeño exportador del sector de raíces y tubérculos de Costa Rica
A influência da internacionalização, capacidades de marketing e assistência à exportação no desempenho das exportações no setor de raízes e tubérculos da Costa Rica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v35n95.102324Palabras clave:
Export assistance, export performance, internationalization, marketing capabilities, roots and tubers (en)assistência à exportação, desempenho das exportações, internacionalização, capacidades de marketing, raízes e tubérculos (pt)
asistencia para la exportación, desempeño exportador, internacionalización, capacidades de marketing, raíces y tubérculos (es)
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The export performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is a driver of socio-economic development in developing countries. Despite the limitations they face in technology, performance, and human and financial resources, many of them seek opportunities in international markets. This study aims to fill the gap in understanding the drivers that promote export performance of SMEs in emerging economies by evaluating the influence of the level of internationalization, marketing capabilities, and export assistance on export performance. The internationalization process was analyzed from a strategic perspective using resource-based view (RBV) and network approaches. A descriptive and quantitative study was conducted using an online survey administered to roots and tubers (R & T) export companies in Costa Rica. The results demonstrated a significant positive influence of company size, managerial marketing, and market diversification on export performance. Additionally, a significant negative influence of the level of internationalization on export performance was found. The findings of this study have managerial and policy implications for export managers and policymakers to implement proactive strategies effectively that increase SMEs export performance in developing countries and reduce barriers to their international expansion. Further studies are required to obtain greater robustness of the proposed model and identify significant effects.
el desempeño exportador de las pymes es motor de progreso socioeconómico en los países en vía de desarrollo. A pesar de las limitaciones que enfrentan las pymes en cuanto a tecnología, desempeño y recursos humanos y financieros, muchas de ellas buscan oportunidades en los mercados internacionales. Este estudio tiene como objetivo llenar un vacío en la comprensión de los factores que promueven el desempeño exportador de las pymes en economías emergentes, evaluando la influencia del nivel de internacionalización, las capacidades de marketing y la asistencia técnica para la exportación sobre dicho desempeño. El proceso de internacionalización se analizó desde una perspectiva estratégica, utilizando la teoría basada en recursos y los enfoques de redes. Se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo mediante una encuesta en línea a empresas exportadoras del sector de raíces y tubérculos de Costa Rica. Los resultados demostraron una influencia positiva significativa del tamaño de la empresa, la gestión de marketing y la diversificación de mercados en el desempeño exportador. Además, se identificó una influencia negativa significativa del nivel de internacionalización sobre el desempeño exportador. Los hallazgos de este estudio buscan generar reflexiones pertinentes para que los gerentes de exportación y los responsables de la formulación de políticas públicas implementen estrategias proactivas que permitan incrementar el desempeño exportador de las pymes en los países en desarrollo, reduciendo así las barreras que frenan su expansión en el escenario internacional. Se requieren estudios adicionales para obtener una mayor robustez del modelo propuesto e identificar efectos significativos adicionales a los presentados en este trabajo.
O desempenho das exportações de pequenas e médias empresas (PMEs) é um motor do desenvolvimento socioeconômico nos países em desenvolvimento. Apesar das limitações que enfrentam em tecnologia, desempenho e recursos humanos e financeiros, muitas delas buscam oportunidades nos mercados internacionais. Este estudo visa preencher a lacuna na compreensão dos fatores que promovem o desempenho das exportações das PMEs nas economias emergentes, a partir da avaliação da influência do nível de internacionalização, das capacidades de marketing e da assistência à exportação no desempenho das exportações. O processo de internacionalização foi analisado a partir de uma perspectiva estratégica usando visão baseada em recursos (RBV, na sigla em inglês) e abordagens de rede. Um estudo descritivo e quantitativo foi realizado por meio de uma pesquisa on-line realizada com empresas exportadoras de raízes e tubérculos (R&T) na Costa Rica. Os resultados demonstraram influência positiva significativa do tamanho da empresa, do marketing gerencial e da diversificação de mercado no desempenho das exportações. Além disso, foi encontrada uma influência negativa significativa do nível de internacionalização no desempenho das exportações. Os resultados deste estudo têm implicações gerenciais e políticas para os gerentes de exportação e formuladores de políticas implementarem estratégias proativas de forma eficaz que aumentem o desempenho das exportações das PMEs nos países em desenvolvimento e reduzam as barreiras à sua expansão internacional. Mais estudos são necessários para obter maior robustez do modelo proposto e identificar efeitos significativos.
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