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Meta-heurísticas para a tomada de decisão multicritério: revisão sistemática da literatura e oportunidades de pesquisa
Metaheuristics for Multicriteria Decision-Making: A Systematic Literature Review and Research Opportunities
Metaheurística para la toma de decisiones multicriterio: revisión sistemática de la literatura y oportunidades de investigación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v35n96.104948Palabras clave:
algoritmo genético, lógica Fuzzy, meta-heurísticas, revisão sistemática da literatura, tomada de decisão (pt)Genetic algorithm, fuzzy logic, metaheuristics, systematic literature review, decision-making (en)
algoritmo genético, lógica fuzzy, metaheurística, revisión sistemática de la literatura, toma de decisiones (es)
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Devido ao aumento da complexidade das organizações, mais variáveis passam a integrar o contexto decisório, tornando mais difícil a visualização das alternativas, a estruturação do problema de decisão e a avaliação das ações. Assim, a pesquisa operacional objetiva facilitar o processo de tomada de decisão por meio da modelagem matemática e, com o auxílio das tecnologias de informação, tem-se observado a implementação de técnicas mais robustas. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa buscou identificar como as meta-heurísticas computacionais têm sido utilizadas para a tomada de decisão gerencial no contexto multicritério. Para isso, foi realizada revisão sistemática da literatura, com o auxílio do protocolo Prisma, o que resultou em um portfólio bibliográfico composto de 54 artigos alinhados à temática. Foram realizadas a análise bibliométrica, considerando-se nove aspectos, e a metassíntese, cujos resultados demonstraram o predomínio dos algoritmos genéticos, da lógica Fuzzy e da utilização de métodos híbridos. O crescimento da soft computing na pesquisa operacional fica evidenciado, o que demonstra que a inteligência artificial consiste em importante ferramenta para o auxílio à tomada de decisões gerenciais. Emergem, portanto, como oportunidades para futuras pesquisas, a utilização de metodologias para o tratamento das incertezas inerentes à tomada de decisões e dos algoritmos computacionais evolutivos para as tomadas de decisões multiobjetivos.
As organizational environments grow increasingly complex, a larger number of variables now influence decision-making processes. This added complexity poses significant challenges in identifying viable alternatives, structuring decision problems, and evaluating potential courses of action. Operations research seeks to support decision-making through mathematical modeling and—bolstered by advancements in information technology—the adoption of more sophisticated and robust techniques; an approach that has become increasingly widespread. This study aimed to examine how computational metaheuristics have been employed to support managerial decision-making in multicriteria contexts. A systematic literature review was conducted following the prisma protocol, resulting in a curated bibliographic portfolio of 54 articles relevant to the research focus. The analysis included both a bibliometric assessment—covering nine key dimensions—and a metasynthesis. The findings reveal a predominance of genetic algorithms, fuzzy logic, and the use of hybrid methodologies. The growing prominence of soft computing within the field of operations research is evident, emphasizing the value of artificial intelligence as a powerful tool for managerial decision support. Promising avenues for future research include the application of methodologies to address uncertainty in decision-making processes and the use of evolutionary computational algorithms for solving multi-objective decision problems.
Debido a la creciente complejidad de las organizaciones, cada vez más variables forman parte del contexto de toma de decisiones, lo que dificulta la visualización de alternativas, la estructuración del problema de decisión y la evaluación de las acciones. Así, la investigación operativa pretende facilitar el proceso de toma de decisiones mediante la modelización matemática y, con la ayuda de las tecnologías de la información, se están implantando técnicas más robustas. Esta investigación estudió el uso de la metaheurística computacional en la toma de decisiones de gestión en un contexto multicriterio. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura utilizando el protocolo Prisma, que resultó en un portafolio bibliográfico de 54 artículos alineados con el tema. Se realizaron análisis bibliométricos, considerando nueve aspectos, y metasíntesis, cuyos resultados mostraron el predominio de los algoritmos genéticos, la lógica fuzzy y el uso de métodos híbridos. El crecimiento del soft computing en la investigación operativa es evidente, lo que demuestra que la inteligencia artificial es una herramienta importante para facilitar la toma de decisiones de gestión. Por lo tanto, las oportunidades para futuras investigaciones incluyen el uso de metodologías para tratar las incertidumbres inherentes a la toma de decisiones y algoritmos computacionales evolutivos para la toma de decisiones multiobjetivo.
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