Innovación abierta y apropiación en el sector manufacturero de Colombia
Open Innovation And Appropriation In The Colombian Manufacturing Sector
Inovação aberta e apropriação no setor manufatureiro da Colômbia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v33n89.107035Palabras clave:
cooperación, estrategia de apropiación, innovación abierta, mecanismos de apropiación, paradoja de la apertura (es)Collaboration, appropriation strategy, open innovation, appropriation mechanisms, paradox of openness (en)
cooperação, estratégia de apropriação, inovação aberta, mecanismos de apropriação, paradoxo da abertura (pt)
Las empresas necesitan abrirse en muchas ocasiones a la colaboración con diversos actores para llevar a cabo sus proyectos de innovación y, a la vez, deben contar con mecanismos para prevenir posibles fugas indeseadas de conocimiento que dificultarían la apropiación de los beneficios en la fase de comercialización. Aunque resultados recientes muestran que distintos mecanismos de apropiación (formales o estratégicos) pueden tener un efecto diferenciado sobre la decisión de cooperar con socios externos, la mayoría de estas investigaciones eluden la importancia del contexto y se centran en empresas ubicadas en economías desarrolladas. En este trabajo, se analiza el comportamiento de esta relación en el contexto de las economías emergentes y, en particular, en las empresas manufactureras de Colombia. Los resultados muestran que, si bien el uso de los dos tipos de mecanismos afecta de forma positiva la probabilidad de cooperación de las empresas estudiadas, el tamaño del efecto difiere entre los tipos de cooperación y también cuando la cooperación se limita al objetivo específico de la i+d. Las implicaciones que se derivan del análisis tienen interés tanto para la comprensión de la estrategia empresarial como para las políticas de innovación.
Companies often need to create collaboration spaces with various actors in order to carry out innovation projects. At the same time, they must count on effective mechanisms to prevent possible unwanted knowledge leaks that could create barriers to appropriate the benefits of said projects in the commercialization phase. Although recent research findings show that the two existing appropriation mechanisms —i.e., formal or strategic— have a differentiated effect on the decision to collaborate with external partners, most of these studies ignore the importance of context-related factors and focus on companies operating in developed economies. Based on the above, this paper examines the relationship between the type of appropriation mechanism deployed and the decision towards cooperation in the context of emerging economies, specifically in the Colombian manufacturing sector. Findings show that although both types of mechanism positively affect the probability of studied companies to engage in collaboration efforts, the magnitude of the resulting effect varies depending on the type of collaboration required and also when this is limited to the specific R&D objectives of partnering companies. The implications derived from the analysis are of interest both for the understanding of business strategy and innovation policies.
As empresas precisam se abrir, em muitas ocasiões, à colaboração com diversos atores para realizar seus projetos de inovação e, ao mesmo tempo, devem contar com mecanismos para prevenir possíveis fugas indesejadas de conhecimento que dificultariam a apropriação dos benefícios na fase de comercialização. Embora resultados recentes mostrem que diferentes mecanismos de apropriação (formais ou estratégicos) podem ter um efeito diferenciado sobre a decisão de cooperar com sócios externos, a maioria dessas pesquisas elude a importância do contexto e está focada em empresas localizadas em economias desenvolvidas. Neste trabalho, é analisado o comportamento dessa relação no contexto das economias emergentes e, em particular, nas empresas manufatureiras da Colômbia. Os resultados mostram que, apesar de o uso dos tipos de mecanismos afetar de forma positiva a probabilidade de cooperação das empresas estudadas, o tamanho do efeito difere entre os tipos de cooperação e quando a cooperação é limitada ao objetivo específico da P+D. As repercussões que se derivam da análise têm relevância tanto para a compreensão da estratégia empresarial quanto para as políticas de inovação.
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