Evolución del concepto de cinismo organizacional: una revisión sistemática de la literatura académica (1970-2022)
The Evolution of the Concept of Organizational Cynicism: A Systematic Review of the Academic Literature (1970-2022)
Evolução do conceito de cinismo organizacional: uma revisão sistemática da literatura acadêmica (1970-2022)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v35n97.107154Palabras clave:
Cinismo organizacional, satisfacción laboral, desempeño laboral, cultura organizacional, organizaciones (es)Organizational cynicism, organizational culture, job performance, organizational behavior, job satisfaction (en)
cinismo organizacional, cultura organizacional, desempenho no trabalho, organizações, satisfação no trabalho (pt)
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El cinismo organizacional (co), definido como la actitud desfavorable de un empleado hacia la organización y sus componentes ha estado presente en la literatura académica desde la década de 1970 como un efecto negativo que influye en el crecimiento de las organizaciones. El propósito de este artículo de revisión consistió en examinar y analizar la evolución del concepto de co a partir de investigaciones publicadas en Scopus. El método utilizado fue una técnica combinada, no experimental, exploratoria-descriptiva, basada en la revisión de fuentes secundarias, y se utilizó un estudio documental para definir el concepto. El trabajo siguió tres momentos: i) exploración o rastreo, ii) organización y sistematización del objeto de estudio y iii) profundización y análisis de documentos electrónicos publicados entre 1976 y 2022. Como limitaciones para esta investigación, la literatura no presenta investigaciones en ambientes de pandemia y pospandemia. La revisión documental identificó que el co cobró fuerza a partir de la década de 1980, al concentrarse en la visión de la sociedad norteamericana en un entorno de trabajo individualista y competitivo, y evolucionó hasta finales de la década del 2020 como concepto asociado a la cultura organizacional, la satisfacción laboral y el desempeño. En la actualidad, no existen estudios profundos que permitan extrapolar estos hallazgos en países emergentes.
Organizational cynicism (OC)—understood as an employee’s negative attitude toward the organization and its constituents—has been discussed in academic literature since the 1970s as a detrimental factor affecting organizational development and performance. This review article aims to examine and trace the conceptual evolution of OC through an analysis of studies indexed in the Scopus database. The study employed a mixed-method, non-experimental, and exploratory-descriptive research design grounded in secondary source analysis, complemented by a documentary review to refine the conceptual framework. The research process unfolded in three stages: i) exploration and literature search, ii) organization and systematization of the object of study, and iii) in-depth analysis of scholarly publications from 1976 to 2022. A key limitation of the study is the availability of literature addressing OC within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic organizational environments. The documentary review indicates that scholarly interest in OC increased notably during the 1980s, particularly within the North American context, characterized by individualistic and competitive workplace dynamics. Over time, the concept has been increasingly linked to broader constructs such as organizational culture, job satisfaction, and employee performance. Nevertheless, there remains a notable gap in the literature concerning the applicability and implications of OC in emerging economies.
The documentary review identified that organizational cynicism gained strength in the 1980s, when it focused on the vision of the North American society in an individualistic and competitive work environment, and evolved until the end of the 2020s as a concept associated with organizational culture, job satisfaction and performance. At present, there are no in-depth studies that allow extrapolating these findings to emerging countries.
O cinismo organizacional, definido como a atitude desfavorável de um funcionário em relação à organização e seus componentes, está presente na literatura acadêmica desde a década de 1970 como um efeito negativo que influencia o crescimento das organizações. O objetivo deste artigo de revisão foi examinar e analisar a evolução do conceito de cinismo organizacional com base em pesquisas publicadas na Scopus. O método utilizado foi uma técnica combinada, não experimental, exploratório-descritiva, baseada na revisão de fontes secundárias, e um estudo documental foi utilizado para definir o conceito. O trabalho seguiu três etapas: 1) exploração ou rastreamento, 2) organização e sistematização do objeto de estudo e 3) aprofundamento e análise de documentos eletrônicos publicados entre 1976 e 2022. Como limitações para esta pesquisa, observa-se a escassez de estudos em contextos pandêmicos e pós-pandêmicos. A revisão documental identificou que o conceito ganhou força a partir da década de 1980, quando se debruçou sobre a visão da sociedade norte-americana em um ambiente de trabalho individualista e competitivo, e evoluiu até o final da década de 2020 como um conceito associado à cultura organizacional, à satisfação no trabalho e ao desempenho. Atualmente, não há estudos aprofundados que permitam extrapolar esses achados para países em desenvolvimento.
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