Tempestividade dos relatórios financeiros e relevância da informação contábil em companhias abertas brasileiras
Timeliness of Financial Reports and the Relevance of Accounting Information in Brazilian Public Companies
Oportunidad de los informes financieros y relevancia de la información contable en las empresas públicas brasileñas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v36n100.110411Palabras clave:
perda de prazo regulatório, qualidade da informação contábil, relevância da informação contábil, reapresentação, Tempestividade (pt)Deadline miss, accounting information quality, accounting information relevance, timeliness, restatement (en)
incumplimiento del plazo, calidad de la información contable, relevancia de la información contable, reexpresión (es)
Descargas
A tempestividade da divulgação dos relatórios financeiros pode reduzir as assimetrias de informação e, assim, aumentar a qualidade da informação reportada. Este estudo examina a relação entre a tempestividade dos relatórios, entendida como atrasos na publicação e reapresentações, e a relevância da informação contábil. A amostra é composta por 217 companhias abertas listadas na B3 no período de 2010 a 2021. Para a análise, empregam-se regressões de mínimos quadrados ordinários agrupados. Os achados indicam que os investidores reagem com menor intensidade aos lucros à medida que aumenta o atraso na publicação após o encerramento do exercício social, e reagem menos ao patrimônio líquido quando a publicação ocorre após o prazo regulatório. Adicionalmente, os investidores apresentam reações mais fracas aos lucros correntes em firmas que reapresentaram voluntariamente suas demonstrações financeiras no período anterior, e ao patrimônio líquido corrente em firmas que foram obrigadas a reapresentar. Em conjunto, a menor sensibilidade dos investidores aos lucros e ao patrimônio líquido reflete uma redução em sua relevância informacional. Os resultados sugerem que uma menor tempestividade, seja nas divulgações iniciais, seja nas reapresentações subsequentes, diminui a relevância da informação contábil. Esses achados têm implicações práticas: os gestores devem reconhecer que atrasos na divulgação podem desencorajar o engajamento dos investidores; os investidores podem identificar oportunidades de negociação ao compreender as reações do mercado à tempestividade dos relatórios; e os reguladores podem precisar reavaliar se os mecanismos preventivos e punitivos existentes são suficientes para assegurar a divulgação tempestiva.
The timeliness financial reporting can reduce information asymmetries, thereby enhancing the quality of reported information. This study examines the relationship between reporting timeliness (i.e., publication delays and restatements) and the relevance of accounting information. The sample comprises 217 publicly traded companies listed on B3 over the period 2010–2021. Pooled ordinary least squares (ols) regressions are employed for the analysis. The findings indicate that investors react less strongly to earnings as the delay in publication after the fiscal year-end increases, and less to equity when publication occurs after the regulatory deadline. Additionally, investors exhibit weaker reactions to current earnings for firms that voluntarily restated their financial statements in the previous period, and to current equity for firms that were required to restate. Overall, reduced investor responsiveness to earnings and equity reflects a decline in their informational relevance. The results suggest that lower timeliness—whether in initial disclosures or subsequent restatements—diminishes the relevance of accounting information. These findings have practical implications: managers should recognize that reporting delays may discourage investor engagement; investors may identify trading opportunities by understanding market reactions to reporting timeliness; and regulators may need to reassess whether existing preventive and punitive mechanisms are sufficient to ensure timely disclosure.
La oportunidad en la divulgación de información financiera puede reducir las asimetrías de información y, con ello, mejorar la calidad de la información reportada. Este estudio examina la relación entre la oportunidad de los reportes financieros, entendida como retrasos en la publicación y reexpresiones, y la relevancia de la información contable. La muestra está compuesta por 217 empresas cotizadas en bolsa listadas en B3 durante el período 2010–2021. Para el análisis se emplean regresiones de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios agrupados. Los hallazgos indican que los inversionistas reaccionan con menor intensidad a las utilidades a medida que aumenta el retraso en la publicación después del cierre del ejercicio fiscal, y reaccionan menos al patrimonio cuando la publicación se realiza después del plazo regulatorio. Adicionalmente, los inversionistas muestran reacciones más débiles frente a las utilidades corrientes en firmas que reexpresaron voluntariamente sus estados financieros en el período anterior, y frente al patrimonio corriente en firmas que fueron obligadas a reexpresar. En conjunto, la menor sensibilidad de los inversionistas frente a las utilidades y al patrimonio refleja una disminución en su relevancia informativa. Los resultados sugieren que una menor oportunidad, ya sea en las divulgaciones iniciales o en las reexpresiones posteriores, reduce la relevancia de la información contable. Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones prácticas: los directivos deben reconocer que los retrasos en la divulgación pueden desalentar la participación de los inversionistas; los inversionistas pueden identificar oportunidades de negociación al comprender las reacciones del mercado frente a la oportunidad de los reportes; y los reguladores podrían necesitar reevaluar si los mecanismos preventivos y sancionatorios existentes son suficientes para garantizar una divulgación oportuna.
Referencias
Abdelsalam, O. H., & Street, D. L. (2007). Corporate governance and the timeliness of corporate internet reporting by uk listed companies. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 16(2), 111–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2007.06.001
Abdollahi, A., Pitenoei, Y. R., & Gerayli, M. S. (2020). Auditor’s report, auditor’s size and value relevance of accounting information. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 21(4), 721–739. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-11-2019-0153
Abubakar, A., & Abbas, A. N. (2021). Overall value relevance of timeliness of accounting information in the listed insurance firms in Nigeria: An application of Crammer Z Test. Gusau International Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(3), 230–249. https://gijmss.com.ng/index.php/gijmss/article/view/89
Akadakpo, B. A., & Mgbame, M. C. (2018). Value relevance of accounting information: The moderating effect of timeliness. Accounting & Taxation Review, 2(1), 122–135. http://www.atreview.org/admin/12389900798187/ATR_2_1_18_9_Akadakpo.pdf
Aksoy, M., Yilmaz, M. K., Topcu, N., & Uysal, Ö. (2021). The impact of ownership structure, board attributes and xbrl mandate on timeliness of financial reporting: Evidence from Turkey. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 22(4), 706–731. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-07-2020-0127
Ali, M. M., Saffa, S., Besar, N. T., & Mastuki, N. A. (2018). Value relevance of financial restatements: Malaysian perspective. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 13(4), 804–808. https://doi.org/10.3923/jeasci.2018.804.808
Appiah, K. O., & Acheampong, O. (2019). Has traditional accounting information lost its relevance? Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 17(3), 554–570. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-05-2016-0037
Apriliyanti, I. D., Dieleman, M., & Randøy, T. (2023). Multiple‐principal demands and ceo compliance in emerging market state‐owned enterprises. Journal of Management Studies, 61, 2406–2436. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12977
Attia, M. B. R., Lassoued, N., & Sassi, H. (2019). Financial reporting timeliness and the value relevance of earnings: Evidence from banks in the mena countries. The International Trade Journal, 33(3), 277–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/08853908.2018.1459212
Badu, B., & Appiah, K. O. (2018). Value relevance of accounting information: An emerging country perspective. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 14(4), 473–491. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-07-2017-0064
Bangun, N. (2019). The effect of earning management, profitability, and firm size on audited financial statement timeliness. International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, 4(7), 49–59. https://ijisrt.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/IJISRT19JL106.pdf
Bebchuk, L. A., & Fried, J. M. (2005). Executive compensation at Fannie Mae: A case study of perverse incentives, nonperformance pay and camouflage. Journal of Corporation Law, 30(4), 807–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.653125
Bowerman, S., & Sharma, U. P. (2016). The effect of corporate social responsibility disclosures on share prices in Japan and the uk. Corporate Ownership and Control, 13(2), 202–216. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2722280
Brandão, I. F. (2024). Conselho fiscal, relevância e informatividade da informação contábil no mercado de capitais brasileiro. Revista Evidenciação Contábil & Finanças, 11(2), 43–63. https://periodicos.ufpb.br/ojs2/index.php/recfin/article/view/61918
Collins, D. W., Maydew, E. L., & Weiss, I. S. (1997). Changes in the value-relevance of earnings and book values over the past forty years. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 24(1), 39–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(97)00015-3
Comissão de Valores Mobiliários. (2021). Resolução cvm nº 47, de 31 de agosto de 2021: Dispõe sobre multas cominatórias aplicadas pela cvm e revoga a Instrução cvm nº 608, de 25 de junho de 2019. cvm. https://conteudo.cvm.gov.br/legislacao/resolucoes/resol047.html
Ebaid, I. E. S. (2022). Nexus between corporate characteristics and financial reporting timelines: Evidence from the Saudi Stock Exchange. Journal of Money and Business, 2(1), 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMB-08-2021-0033
Ezzat, A. N. M. (2015) Financial statements timeliness and real earnings management in the Egyptian context. The Scientific Journal of Commerce and Finance, 35(2), 2–56. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283855923_Financial_Statement_Timeliness_and_Real_Earnings_Management_in_The_Egyptian_Context
Fun, C. S., Wahab, N. S. A., Ling, T. W., Sivanandan, S., & Ahmad, A. (2023). Financial restatement and equity value: Moderating role of ownership diversity. International Journal of Economics and Finance Studies, 15(1), 101–141. https://doi.org/10.34111/ijefs.202315107
García, M. D. P. R., Alejandro, K. A. C., Sáenz, A. B. M., & Sánchez, H. H. G. (2017). Does an ifrs adoption increase value relevance and earnings timeliness in Latin America? Emerging Markets Review, 30, 155–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2016.11.001
Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2011). Econometria básica (5th ed). Amgh Editora.
International Accounting Standards Board [iasb]. (2018). Conceptual framework for financial reporting. ifrs Foundation. https://aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content105/c9/Conceptual_Framework_05-19_COMPmar20_07-21.pdf
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360.
Kouki, A. (2018). ifrs and value relevance: A comparison approach before and after ifrs conversion in the European countries. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 9(1), 60–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-05-2015-0041
Kythreotis, A., & Constantinou, C. (2016). The interrelation among accounting quality, timeliness and relevance. Global Business and Economics Review, 18(5), 587–603. https://doi.org/10.1504/GBER.2016.078677
Lee, H. Y., & Son, M. (2009). Earnings announcement timing and earnings management. Applied Financial Economics, 19(4), 319–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/09603100701857872
Melo, T. da S., Ribeiro, A. M., Rover, S., & Pires, P. A. da S. (2024). Tempestividade das demonstrações contábeis sob a ótica da folga financeira em companhias listadas na B3. Revista Catarinense Da Ciência Contábil, 23, e3501. https://doi.org/10.16930/2237-766220243501
Morais, H. C. B., & de Souza, P. V. S. (2024). Tempestividade dos relatórios financeiros e a persistência dos lucros de empresas listadas na B3. Administração de Empresas em Revista, 1(34), 130–160. https://revista.unicuritiba.edu.br/index.php/admrevista/article/view/6591
Nardi, P. C. C., & da Silva, R. L. M. (2021). Accounting restatements, quality of accounting information, cost of debt and stock returns: A comparative study between Brazil and the usa. Advances in Scientific and Applied Accounting, 14(2), 193–209. https://doi.org/10.14392/asaa.2021140208
Ohlson, J. A. (1995). Earnings, book values, and dividends in equity valuation. Contemporary Accounting Research, 11(2), 661–687. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1911-3846.1995.tb00461.x
Oussii, A. A., & Taktak, N. B. (2018). Audit committee effectiveness and financial reporting timeliness: The case of Tunisian listed companies. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 9(1), 34–55. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-11-2016-0163
Outa, E. R., Ozili, P., & Eisenberg, P. (2017). ifrs convergence and revisions: Value relevance of accounting information from East Africa. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 7(3), 352–368. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-11-2014-0062
Paulo, E. P., & Leme, J. R. (2009). Gerenciamento de resultados contábeis e o anúncio dos resultados contábeis pelas companhias abertas brasileiras. Revista Universo Contábil, 5(4), 27-43. https://doi.org/10.4270/ruc.20095
Permatasari, I. (2014). Manajemen Laba dan Status Keterlambatan Perusahaan dalam Menyampaikan Laporan Keuangan Tahunan. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia, 2(2), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.21002/jaki.2005.10
Pope, P. F., Walker, M., & Setiono, B. (1997). International differences in the value-relevance of accounting numbers: Timeliness, permanence and conservatism under us and uk gaap (Working Paper). https://ssrn.com/abstract=2856
Putri, S. A., & Aryani, Y. A. (2020). Earnings management index, state ownership, industrial sectors, and timeliness of financial report in Indonesia. akrual: Jurnal Akuntansi, 11(2), 53–65. https://doi.org/10.26740/jaj.v11n2.p53-65
Raimo, N., Vitolla, F., Marrone, A., & Rubino, M. (2020). The role of ownership structure in integrated reporting policies. Business Strategy and the Environment, 29(6), 2238–2250. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2498
Rosli, S. N. A., & Jamil, N. N. (2021). The impact of Malaysian private entity reporting standard (mpers) adoption on the value relevance and timeliness of financial reporting by small and medium enterprises (smes): A conceptual framework. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting Finance and Management Sciences, 11(3), 338–347. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARAFMS/v11-i3/10613
Salgado, N. N. B., & Souza, P. V. S. (2021). The effect of accounting timeliness on earnings management for Brazilian companies listed on B3. Advances in Scientific and Applied Accounting, 14(1), 39–55. https://doi.org/10.14392/asaa.2021140102
Silva, A. D., Souza, T. R. D., & Klann, R. C. (2016). Tempestividade da informação contábil em empresas familiares brasileiras. Revista de Administração de Empresas, 56, 489–502. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-759020160504
Souza, P. V. S., Morais, H. C. B., Leão, S. N. C., & Campos, R. B. C. (2023). Financial statement restatements and conditional conservatism in companies listed on B3. International Journal of Business and Management, 18(4), 49–62. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v18n4p49
Song, F., & Zhou, J. (2021). Principles-based accounting standards and the timeliness of annual reports: Evidence from China. Asian Review of Accounting, 29(3), 399–442. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-07-2021-0120
Vieira, D. N., Ribeiro, A. M., & Ferreira, M. P. (2023). Tempestividade vrs. Completude: um estudo de eventos da reação dos investidores sobre as informações financeiras. Revista de Contabilidade do Mestrado em Ciências Contábeis da UERJ, 28(1), 21-35. https://doi.org/10.12979/rcmccuerj.v28i1.79520
Wijaya, F. (2022). Relevance of value and determinants of restatement financial statements. Eduvest-Journal of Universal Studies, 2(9), 1800–1810. https://doi.org/10.59188/eduvest.v2i9.583
Wooldridge, J. M. (2009). On estimating firm-level production functions using proxy variables to control for unobservables. Economics Letters, 104(3), 112–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2009.04.026
Cómo citar
APA
ACM
ACS
ABNT
Chicago
Harvard
IEEE
MLA
Turabian
Vancouver
Descargar cita
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Innovar

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Todos los artículos publicados por Innovar se encuentran disponibles globalmente con acceso abierto y licenciados bajo los términos de Creative Commons Atribución-No_Comercial-Sin_Derivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Una vez seleccionados los artículos para un número, y antes de iniciar la etapa de cuidado y producción editorial, los autores deben firmar una cesión de derechos patrimoniales de su obra. Innovar se ciñe a las normas colombianas en materia de derechos de autor.
El material de esta revista puede ser reproducido o citado con carácter académico, citando la fuente.
Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons:








