Costos y decisiones financieras asociadas a la transición de economía lineal a circular en la producción de envases. El caso de Ecuador
Costs And Financial Decisions Associated With The Transition From A Linear Economy To A Circular Economy In Packaging Production: The Case Of Ecuador
Custos e decisões financeiras associados à transição de economia linear para circular na produção de embalagens: caso Equador
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v34n94.116818Palabras clave:
costo del ciclo de vida, economía circular, ecoeficiencia, envases flexibles, reciclaje (es)Life cycle costing, circular economy, eco-efficiency, flexible packaging, recycling (en)
custo do ciclo de vida, economia circular, ecoeficiência, embalagens flexíveis, reciclagem (pt)
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Las empresas desempeñan un papel fundamental en el desarrollo, producción y consumo, pero su modelo de producción genera enormes cantidades de residuos plásticos que crecen exponencialmente superando la capacidad global de gestión de residuos y reciclaje. Este modelo tradicional, basado en extraer, hacer y desechar, involucra uso ilimitado de recursos que derivan en problemas económicos y ambientales. La investigación se centra en el contexto ecuatoriano, y se enfoca en analizar y comparar los costos de la transición de una economía lineal a circular en dos escenarios de fabricación: i) envases flexibles de polietileno con material virgen y ii) mezcla de materiales, así como su relación con las decisiones financieras. Además, se evalúan los indicadores de circularidad y ecoeficiencia, y se proyectan datos para evaluar el impacto a nivel del Ecuador. La metodología utilizada fue costos de ciclo de vida. Los resultados revelan que los costos de producción en el modelo lineal superan en 18% con relación a la fabricación circular. Desde la perspectiva ambiental, se observa un incremento del 46% de consumo de energía y mayor uso de agua derivado del proceso de reciclaje. En resumen, la producción con sistema circular demuestra ser más viable económica y ambientalmente en comparación con el modelo lineal.
Businesses play a critical role in development, production, and consumption. However, their production model generates enormous amounts of plastic waste that are growing exponentially, surpassing the global capacity for waste management and recycling. This traditional model, based on the principles of extraction, production, and disposal, involves unlimited resource use, thus leading to economic and environmental problems. This research focuses on the Ecuadorian context and aims to analyze and compare the costs associated with transitioning from a linear economy to a circular economy in two manufacturing scenarios: (i) flexible polyethylene packaging with virgin material and (ii) a mix of materials, as well as their relationship with financial decisions. Additionally, the study evaluates circularity and eco-efficiency indicators and projects data to assess the impact at the national level. The methodology employed was life cycle costing. The results show that production costs in the linear model exceed those in the circular model by 18%. From an environmental perspective, there is a 46% increase in energy consumption and greater water use resulting from the recycling process. In summary, production using a circular system proves to be more economically and environmentally viable compared to the linear approach.
As empresas desempenham um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento, na produção e no consumo, mas seu modelo de produção gera enormes quantidades de resíduos plásticos que crescem exponencialmente e superam a capacidade global de gestão de resíduos e reciclagem. Esse modelo tradicional, baseado em extrair, fazer e eliminar, envolve o uso ilimitado de recursos que resultam em problemas econômicos e ambientais. A pesquisa se centra no contexto equatoriano e tem como foco a análise e a comparação dos custos da transição de uma economia linear para circular nos dois cenários de fabricação: i) embalagens flexíveis de polietileno com material virgem e ii) mistura de materiais, bem como sua relação com as decisões financeiras. Além disso, avaliam-se os indicadores de circularidade e ecoeficiência e projetam-se dados para avaliar o impacto no Equador. A metodologia utilizada foi custos de ciclo de vida. Os resultados revelam que os custos de produção no modelo linear são 18% superiores à fabricação circular. A partir da perspectiva ambiental, observa-se um aumento de 46% do consumo de energia e um maior uso de água derivado do processo de reciclagem. Em resumo, a produção com sistema circular mostra ser econômica e ambientalmente mais viável em comparação com o modelo linear.
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