Componentes de la divulgación corporativa de sostenibilidad: evidencia empírica de la economía latinoamericana
Components of corporate sustainability disclosure: empirical evidence from the Latin American economy
Componentes da divulgação corporativa de sustentabilidade: evidência empírica da economia latino-americana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v35n98.123098Palabras clave:
divulgación corporativa, economía latinoamericana, índice de sostenibilidad, informes de sostenibilidad, sostenibilidad corporativa (es)university social responsibility, perception measurement, traffic light matrix, stakeholders, accountability, nonparametric tests (en)
responsabilidade social universitária, medição da percepção, matriz semáforo, prestação de contas, stakeholders, testes não paramétricos (pt)
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La sostenibilidad corporativa cobra cada vez mayor relevancia en el mercado y la academia. A pesar de los esfuerzos por estandarizar la divulgación sobre sostenibilidad, las empresas gozan de discreción al elaborar informes. Además, los estudios sobre divulgación abordan principalmente el mercado europeo, asiático y norteamericano; por lo tanto, el mercado latinoamericano posee débiles bases de comparación con el contexto académico mundial. El objetivo es explorar los componentes que explican la divulgación corporativa de sostenibilidad en empresas cotizantes latinoamericanas. Para ello, se propone un índice de sostenibilidad que se aplicó a informes de sostenibilidad de 117 empresas del Mercado Integrado Latinoamericano. Este instrumento obtuvo fiabilidad de 0,98 y es sensible a la diferencia entre países. Los datos recabados con el índice se analizaron con la técnica de análisis de componentes principales, cuyos resultados evidencian la preponderancia de divulgar temas sociales e información con baja probabilidad de ser erróneamente interpretada o que comprometa la imagen de la empresa. Los resultados contribuyen a la literatura sobre divulgación corporativa al proponer un índice de sostenibilidad que abarca todos los aspectos ambientales y sociales, y al cerrar la brecha de conocimiento derivada de las diferencias geográficas al abordar la economía latinoamericana. Como limitación, este trabajo utilizó cuatro países latinoamericanos, por lo que se proponen estudios que amplíen el análisis en la región.
Corporate sustainability is becoming increasingly important in the market and academia. Despite efforts to standardize sustainability disclosure, companies enjoy discretion when preparing reports. Furthermore, studies on disclosure mainly address the European, Asian, and North American markets; therefore, the Latin American market has weak bases for comparison with the global academic context. The objective is to explore the components that explain corporate sustainability disclosure in Latin American listed companies. To this end, a sustainability index was applied to the sustainability reports of 117 companies in the Latin American Integrated Market. This instrument obtained a reliability score of 0.98 and is sensitive to differences between countries. The data collected with the index were analyzed using principal component analysis, the results of which show a preponderance of disclosure of social issues and information with a low probability of being misinterpreted or compromising the company's image. The results contribute to the literature on corporate disclosure by proposing a sustainability index that covers all environmental and social aspects and by closing the knowledge gap derived from geographical differences when addressing the Latin American economy. As a limitation, this study used four Latin American countries, so further studies are proposed to expand the analysis in the region.
A diversidade de métricas existentes complica a seleção de metodologias válidas para avaliar a responsabilidade social universitária (RSU). Este estudo contribui para superar esse desafio por meio de um modelo quantitativo baseado em percepções sociais, oferecendo uma metodologia aplicável à elaboração de relatórios de sustentabilidade acessíveis às partes interessadas (grupos de interesse). A metodologia utiliza estatística descritiva para analisar e comparar três níveis de desempenho em RSU (não cumpre, cumprimento médio e cumprimento), de acordo com a perceção dos stakeholders. Foi aplicado um questionário de 20 afirmações a uma amostra de 364 membros da comunidade universitária. A técnica não paramétrica Kruzkall-Wallis é utilizada para comparar as perceções entre os grupos. Entre as principais limitações identificam-se vieses percetivos por avaliações subjetivas, ausência de um quadro amostral e o uso de escalas ordinais próprias da estatística descritiva. Os resultados evidenciam áreas críticas a intervir, como a ligação com o ambiente, a investigação sobre problemáticas contextuais e a frequência na apresentação de relatórios de sustentabilidade.
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