Quality tools and techniques, EFQM experience and strategy formation. Is there any relationship? The particular case of Spanish service firms
Técnicas y herramientas de la calidad, experiencia en el modelo EFQM y proceso de formación de la estrategia. ¿Existe algún tipo de relación? el caso específico de las empresas españolas de servicios
Técnicas e ferramentas da qualidade, experiência no modelo EFQM e processo de formação da estratégia. Existe algum tipo de relação? O caso específico das empresas espanholas de serviços
Palabras clave:
EFQM model, experience in quality management, quality tools and techniques application, rationality, emergence (en)EFQM, experiencia en gestión de calidad, aplicación de herramientas y técnicas de calidad, racionalidad, emergencia. (es)
EFQM, experiência em gestão de qualidade, aplicação de ferramentas e técnicas de qualidade, racionalidade, emergência (pt)
The study of the application of quality tools and techniques has been broadly covered by the specialist literature. To a lesser extent, the literature has analysed the strategic capability of the EFQM model, that is, its capacity to facilitate integrative (rational and emergent) strategy formation processes. But, the study of how the application of this model may affect how firms apply quality tools and techniques remain unexplored.
Taking this gap in the literature as a starting point, our research goal is threefold: first of all, we intend to study the relationship between the use of tools and techniques and the experience of a firm in the application of quality management and the EFQM Excellence Model; secondly, we have the intention of studying the extent to which quality tools and techniques may affect rationality and/or emergence in the strategy formation process; and thirdly, we try to analyse the effect of the experience in the use of the EFQM model on this relationship.
We employed a quantitative research methodology to try to reach these goals. As a consequence, some interesting results have come up. As an example, the experience in the application of the EFQM model has a moderating effect on how companies use quality tools and techniques. Concretely, a great experience in the employment of this model make firms to apply quality tools and techniques in a more participative way combined with high levels of formalisation and planning. Also, some other conclusions and implications have been drawn up.
La aplicación de las herramientas y técnicas de calidad ha sido ampliamente estudiada en la literatura especializada. La capacidad estratégica del modelo EFQM, es decir, su capacidad para facilitar un proceso de formación de la estrategia integrador (racional y emergente), también ha sido analizada, aunque en menor medida. Por el contrario, el estudio de cómo la utilización de este modelo puede afectar a la forma en que las empresas aplican a las herramientas y técnicas de calidad constituye un área todavía no explorada.
Tomando este gap en la literatura como punto de partida, nuestra investigación se plantea un triple objetivo: en primer lugar, tratamos de estudiar la relación entre la utilización de las técnicas y herramientas de calidad y la experiencia de la empresa en la aplicación de la gestión de la calidad y del modelo de excelencia EFQM; en segundo lugar, tenemos la intención de estudiar la medida en la cual estas técnicas y herramientas pueden afectar a la racionalidad y/o emergencia del proceso de formación de la estrategia; por último, intentamos analizar el efecto de la experiencia en la utilización del modelo EFQM en esta última relación.
Para tratar de alcanzar estos objetivos, han sido empleadas metodologías de investigación cuantitativas, de las que se han derivado algunos resultados interesantes. Así, por ejemplo, los resultados han revelado cómo la experiencia en la aplicación del modelo EFQM cumple un papel moderador en relación con cómo utilizan las empresas las técnicas y herramientas de calidad. Concretamente, una mayor experiencia en la utilización de este modelo hace que las empresas apliquen estas técnicas y herramientas de forma más participativa, en combinación con altos niveles de formalización y planificación. Asimismo otras conclusiones e implicaciones de interés han sido recogidas en el trabajo.
A aplicação das ferramentas e técnicas de qualidade tem sido amplamente estudada na literatura especializada. A capacidade estratégica do modelo EFQM, ou seja, sua capacidade para facilitar um processo de formação da estratégia integradora (racional e emergente), também tem sido analisada, ainda que em menor medida. Por outro lado, o estudo de como a utilização deste modelo pode afetar a forma em que as empresas aplicam as ferramentas e técnicas de qualidade constitui uma área qinda não explorada.
Tomando este gap na literatura como ponto de partida, nossa pesquisa propõe um triplo objetivo: em primeiro lugar, tratamos de estudar a relação entre a utilização das técnicas e ferramentas de qualidade e a experiência da empresa na aplicação da gestão da qualidade e do modelo de excelência EFQM; em segundo lugar, temos a intenção de estudar a medida na qual estas técnicas e ferramentas podem afetar a racionalidade e/ou emergência do processo de formação da estratégia; por último, tentamos analisar o efeito da experiência na utilização do modelo EFQM nesta última relação.
Para tentar alcançar estes objetivos, foram empregadas metodologias de pesquisa quantitativas, das quais derivaram alguns resultados interessantes. Assim, por exemplo, os resultados revelaram como a experiência na aplicação do modelo EFQM exerce um papel moderador em relação a como as empresas utilizam as técnicas e ferramentas de qualidade. Concretamente, uma maior experiência na utilização deste modelo faz com que as empresas apliquem estas técnicas e ferramentas de forma mais participativa, em combinação com altos níveis de formalização e planejamento. Da mesma forma, outras conclusões e implicações interessantes foram compiladas no trabalho.
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