Publicado

2014-02-01

Regulations and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries

Regulaciones y espíritu empresarial: Evidencia en países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo

Regulações e iniciativas empresariais: casos de países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v24n1spe.47548

Palabras clave:

entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial activity, regulations, institutional economics, developed and developing economies, GEM (en)
emprendimiento, actividad emprendedora, regulación, teoría institucional, economías desarrolladas y en desarrollo, GEM . (es)
empreendimento, atividade empreendedora, regulação, teoria institucional, economias desenvolvidas e em desenvolvimento, GEM (pt)

Descargas

Autores/as

  • Claudia Álvarez Universidad EAFIT
  • José Ernesto Amorós Universidad del Desarrollo
  • David Urbano Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
This paper uses an institutional approach to examine the effect of regulations on entrepreneurial activity, comparing developed and developing countries. Through an unbalanced panel data set of 49 countries over the period 2001-2010 and using a combination of international databases we find a positive influence of government spending and entrepreneurship legislation on entrepreneurial activity. It was also found that regulations may have different impacts on entrepreneurship according to the country's economic development. Thus, in developed economies unemployment legislation is positively related to entrepreneurship, while this relationship is negative in other cases. This paper offers new insights both from a conceptual perspective (advancing theory concerning the factors that influence entrepreneurial activity) and a practical viewpoint (for the design of government policies to foster entrepreneurship).
Desde el enfoque institucional, este artículo examina el efecto de las regulaciones sobre la actividad emprendedora, comparando países desarrollados frente a países en desarrollo. Utilizando un modelo de datos de panel desbalanceado, de 49 países durante el período 2001-2010, y a partir de una combinación de bases de datos internacionales, los resultados muestran una influencia positiva del gasto público y la legislación relativa a la creación de empresas en la actividad emprendedora. Además, las regulaciones pueden tener un efecto diferente sobre el emprendimiento de acuerdo con el desarrollo económico del país. Así, en las economías desarrolladas, la legislación para el desempleo está relacionada de manera positiva con la creación de empresas, mientras que dicha relación es negativa en otros casos. Este artículo contribuye tanto conceptualmente (avanzando en la teoría sobre el análisis de los factores que condicionan el emprendimiento) como desde una perspectiva práctica (para el diseño de políticas gubernamentales de fomento de la actividad emprendedora).
Desde a visão institucional, este artigo examina o efeito das regulações sobre a atividade empreendedora, comparando países desenvolvidos com países em desenvolvimento. Utilizando um modelo de dados de painel desequilibrado de 49 países durante o período 2001-2010, e a partir de uma combinação de bases de dados internacionais, os resultados mostram uma influência positiva do gasto público e a legislação referente à criação de empresas na atividade empreendedora. Alem disso, as regulações podem ter um efeito diferente sobre o empreendimento, de acordo com o desenvolvimento económico do país. Assim, nas economias desenvolvidas, a legislação para o desemprego está relacionada de maneira positiva com a criação de empresas, enquanto essa relação e negativa em outros casos. Este artigo contribui, tanto conceitualmente (avançando na teoria sobre a análise dos fatores que condicionam o empreendimento), como de uma perspectiva prática (para o projeto de políticas governamentais de fomento da atividade empreendedora).

Referencias

Acs, Z. J., & Amorós, J. E. (2008a) Entrepreneurship and competitive dynamics in Latin America. Small Business Economics, 37(3), 305-322. DOI 10.1007/s11187-008-9133-y.

Acs, Z. J., & Amorós, J. E. (2008b). Introduction: The startup process. Estúdios de Economía, 35(2), 121-132.

Aidis, R., Estrin, S., & Mickiewicz, T. (2008). Institutions and entre-preneurship development in Russia: A comparative perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(6), 656-672. DOI 10.1016/j. jbusvent.2008.01.005.

Aldrich, H. (1990). Using an ecological perspective to study organizational founding rates. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice, Spring, 7-24.

Aldrich, H., & Fiol, C. M. (1994). Fools rush in? The institutional context of industry creation. Academy of Management Review, 79, 645-670.

Álvarez, C., & Urbano, D. (2011). Environmental factors and entrepreneurial activity in Latin America. Academia, Revista Latinoamericana de Administración, 48, 31-45.

Álvarez, C., Urbano, D., Coduras, A., & Ruiz-Navarro, J. (2011). Environmental conditions and entrepreneurial activity: A regional comparison in Spain. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 78(1), 120-140. DOI 10.1108/14626001111106460.

Álvarez, C., & Urbano, D. (2012). Factores del entorno y creación de empresas: un análisis institucional. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 77(57), 9-38.

Amorós, J. E. (2011). The impact of institutions on entrepreneuship in developing countries. In W. Naudé (Ed.), Entrepreneurship and Economic Development (pp. 166-186). New York: Plagrave-Macmillan.

Baumol, W. J. (1990). Entrepreneurship: Productive, unproductive, and destructive. The Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), 893-921.

Begley, T. M., Tan, W., & Schoch, H. (2005). Politicoeconomic factors associated with interest in starting a business: A multi-country study. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 29(1), 35-55. DOI 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2005.00068.x.

Bj0rnskov, C., & Foss, N. J. (2008). Economic freedom and entrepreneurial activity: Some cross-country evidence. Public Choice, 734, 307-328. DOI 10.1007/s11127-007-9229-y.

Bowen, H., & De Clercq, D. (2008). Institutional context and the allocation of entrepreneurial effort. Journal of International Business Studies, 39(4), 747-767. DOI 10.1057/palgrave. jibs.8400343.

Branstetter, L., Lima, F., Taylor, L. J., & Venâncio, A. (2013). Do entry regulations deter entrepreneurship and job creation? Evidence from recent reforms in Portugal. The Economic Journal, 724(577), 805-832. DOI 10.1111/ecoj.12044.

Bruton, G. D., Ahlstrom, D., & Li, H. L. (2010). Institutional theory and entrepreneurship: Where are we now and where do we need to move in the future? Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 34(3), 421-440. DOI 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00390.x.

Busenitz, L. W., & Lau, C. M. (1996). A cross-cultural cognitive model of new venture creation. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 20(4), 25-39.

Busenitz, L. W., Gómez, C., & Spencer, J. W. (2000). Country institutional profiles: Unlocking entrepreneurial phenomena. Academy of Management Journal, 43(5), 994-1003.

Calcagno, P. T., & Sobel, R. S. (2013). Regulatory costs on entrepre-neurship and establishment employment size. Small Business Economics. DOI 10.1007/s11187-013-9493-9.

Dakhli, M., & De Clercq, D. (2004). Human capital, social capital, and innovation: A multicountry study. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 76(2), 107-128. DOI 10.1080/08985620410001677835.

Davidsson, P. (1995). Culture, structure and regional levels of entrepre-neurship. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 7(1), 41-62.

Desai, M., Gompers, P., & Lerner, J. (2003). Institutions, capital constraints and entrepreneurial firm dynamics: Evidence from Europe (Working Paper No. 10165). National Bureau of Economic Research.

Doing Business (2012). Doing business in a more transparent world. World Bank and the International Finance Corporation. Retrieved from http://www.doingbusiness.org/~/media/FPDKM/Doing%20Business/Documents/Annual-Reports/English/DB12-FullReport.pdf.

Gartner, W. B. (1985). A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new venture creation. Academy of Management Review, 70(4), 696-706.

Gnyawali, D. R., & Fogel, D. S. (1994). Environments for entrepreneur-ship development: Key dimensions and research implications. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 78(4), 43-62.

Guerrero, M., & Urbano, D. (2012). The development of an entrepreneurial university. Journal of Technology Transfer, 37(1), 43-74. DOI 10.1007/s10961-010-9171-x.

Grilo, I., & Thurik, R. (2005). Latent and actual entrepreneurship in Europe and the US: Some recent developments. International En-trepreneurship and Management Journal, 7 (4), 441-459. DOI 10.1007/s11365-005-4772-9.

Hwang, H., & Powell, W. W. (2005). Institutions and entrepreneurship. In S. A. Álvarez, R. Agarwal and O. Sorenson (Eds.), Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research: Disciplinary Perspectives (pp. 179-210). New York: Springer.

Klapper, L., Laeven, L., & Rajan, R. (2006). Entry regulation as a barrier to entrepreneurship. Journal of Financial Economics, 82, 591-629. DOI 10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.09.006.

Manolova, T. S., Eunni, R. V., & Gyoshev, B. S. (2008). Institutional environments for entrepreneurship: Evidence from emerging economies in Eastern Europe. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 32(1), 203-218. DOI 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2007.00222.x.

McMullen, J. S., Bagby, D. R., & Palich, L. E. (2008). Economic freedom and the motivation to engage in entrepreneurial action. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 32(5), 875-895.

Mueller, S. L., & Thomas, A. S. (2001). Culture and entrepreneurial potential: A nine country study of locus of control and innovativeness. Journal of Business Venturing, 76(1), 51-75.

Nystròm, K. (2008). The institutions of economic freedom and entrepreneurship: Evidence from panel data. Public Choice, 736, 269-282. DOI 10.1007/s11127-008-9295-9.

North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

North, D. C. (2005/ Understanding the process of economic change. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Reynolds, P. D., Hay, M., & Camp, S. (1999). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 7999 Executive Report. Kansas City, MO.: Kauffman Foundation.

Reynolds, P.D., Hay, M., Bygrave, W. D., Camp, S. M., & Autio, E. (2000). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2000 Executive Report. Kansas City: Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership.

Reynolds, P. D., Camp, S. M., Bygrave, W. D., Autio, E., & Hay, M. (2001). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: 2007 Executive Report. Kansas City: Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership.

Reynolds, P. D., Bosma, N., Autio, E., Hunt, S., De Bono, N., Servais, I., López-García, P., & Chin, N. (2005). Global Entrepreneurship Monitor: Data collection design and implementation 1998-2003. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 205-231. DOI 10.1007/ s11187-005-1980-1.

Rocha, H. O. (2004). Entrepreneurship and development: The role of clusters. Small Business Economics, 23(5), 363-400. DOI 10.1007/s11187-004-3991-8.

Shane, S., & Kolvereid, L. (1995). National environment, strategy, and new venture performance: A three country study. Journal of Small Business Management, 33(2), 37-50.

Sobel, R. S. (2008). Testing Baumol: Institutional quality and the productivity of entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 23(6), 641-655. DOI 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.01.004.

Stephen, F. H., Urbano, D., & van Hemmen, S. (2005). The impact of institutions on entrepreneurial activity. Managerial & Decision Economics, 26(7), 413-419. DOI 10.1002/mde.1254.

Stephen, F., Urbano, D., & van Hemmen, S. (2009). The responsiveness of entrepreneurs to working time regulations. Small Business Economics, 32(3), 259-276. DOI 10.1007/s11187-007-9096-4.

Thornton, P. H., Ribeiro-Soriano, D., & Urbano, D. (2011). Socio-cultural and entrepreneurial activity: An overview. International Journal of Small Business, 29(2), 105-118. DOI 10.1177/0266242610391930.

Urbano, D., Toledano, N., & Ribeiro-Soriano, D. (2010). Analizing social entrepreneurship from institutional perspective: Evidence from Spain. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 7(1), 54-69. DOI 10.1080/19420670903442061.

Urbano, D., Toledano, N., & Ribeiro-Soriano, D. (2011). Socio-cultural factors and transnational entrepreneurship: A multiple case study in Spain. International Small Business Journal, 29(2), 119-134. DOI 10.1177/0266242610391934.

Valdez, M. E., & Richardson, J. (2013). Institutional determinants of macro-level entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory & Practice. DOI: 10.1111/etap.12000.

van Stel, A., Carree, M., & Thurik, R. (2005). The effect of entrepreneurial activity on national economic growth. Small Business Economics, 24(3), 311-321. DOI 10.1007/s11187-005-1996-6.

van Stel, A., Storey, D. J., & Thurik, R. (2007). The effect of business regulations on nascent and young business entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics, 28(2-3), 171-186. DOI 10.1007/ s11187-006-9014-1.

Veciana, J. M., & Urbano, D. (2008). The institutional approach to en-trepreneurship research: Introduction. International Entrepreneur-ship and Management Journal, 4(4), 365-379. DOI 10.1007/ s11365-008-0081-4.

Verheul, I., Wennekers, S., Audretsch, D. B., & Thurik, R. (2002). An eclectic theory of entrepreneurship: Policies, institutions and culture. In D. B. Audretsch, A.R. Thurik, I. Verheul & A.R.M. Wennekers (Eds.), Entrepreneurship: Determinants and policy in a European-US comparison. Kluwer: Boston/Dordrecht.

Welter, F. (2005). Entrepreneurial behavior in differing environments. In D. B. Audretsch, H. Grimm & C. W. Wessner (Eds.J), Local heroes in the global village: Globalization and the new entrepreneurship policies (pp. 93-112). International Studies in Entrepreneurship. New York: Springer.

Welter, F. (2011). Contextualizing entrepreneurship - conceptual challenges and ways forward. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 35(1), 165-184. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00427.x.

Welter, F., & Smallbone, D. (2011). Institutional perspectives on entrepreneurial behaviour in challenging environments. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1), 107-125. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-627X.2010.00317.x.

Wennekers, S., Thurik, R., van Stel, A. & Noorderhaven, N. (2007). Uncertainty avoidance and the rate of business ownership across 21 OECD countries, 1976-2004. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 77(2), 133-160. DOI 10.1007/s00191-006-0045-1.

Wennekers S., & Thurik, R. (1999). Linking entrepreneurship and economic growth. Small Business Economics, 73(1), 27-55.

Dimensions

PlumX

Visitas a la página del resumen del artículo

1009

Descargas

Los datos de descarga aún no están disponibles.

Cómo citar

Álvarez, C., Amorós, J. E., & Urbano, D. (2014). Regulaciones y espíritu empresarial: Evidencia en países desarrollados y en vías de desarrollo. Innovar, 24(1Spe), 81-89. https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v24n1spe.47548

Licencia

Derechos de autor 2014 Innovar

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 3.0.

Todos los artículos publicados por Innovar se encuentran disponibles globalmente con acceso abierto y licenciados bajo los términos de Creative Commons Atribución-No_Comercial-Sin_Derivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

Una vez seleccionados los artículos para un número, y antes de iniciar la etapa de cuidado y producción editorial, los autores deben firmar una cesión de derechos patrimoniales de su obra. Innovar se ciñe a las normas colombianas en materia de derechos de autor.

El material de esta revista puede ser reproducido o citado con carácter académico, citando la fuente.

Esta obra está bajo una Licencia Creative Commons: