Gestão de resultados: evidência europeia das empresas cotadas VERSUS não cotadas
Earnings management: evidence of listed and unlisted companies in Europe
Gestión de resultados: evidencia europea de las empresas Cotizadas versus no cotizadas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v30n76.85214Palabras clave:
accruals discricionários, empresas cotadas, empresas não cotadas, gestão de resultados. (pt)Discretionary accruals, earnings management, listed companies, unlisted companies. (en)
accruals discrecionales, empresas cotizadas, empresas no cotizadas, manejo de resultados. (es)
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Este estudo analisa a prática de gestão de resultados em empresas europeias cotadas e não cotadas. A amostra é composta por 8.752 empresas de nove países europeus, para o período de 2005 a 2012. Como medida de gestão de resultados, é usado o nível de accruals discricionários, calculado segundo o modelo de Jones, modificado por Dechow, Sloan e Sweeney. Os principais resultados sugerem que as empresas não cotadas pratiquem mais gestão de resultados do que as empresas cotadas. Essa tendência existe quer nos países common law, quer nos países code law, sendo a diferença mais pronunciada no primeiro grupo de países. Existe também evidência de que as empresas cotadas tendem a gerir mais os resultados no sentido descendente do que as não cotadas, o que sugere um relato financeiro mais conservador. Conjuntamente, esses resultados sugerem que as empresas cotadas europeias apresentem melhor qualidade de resultados do que as suas congéneres não cotadas. Os resultados contribuem para a escassa literatura com foco nas empresas não cotadas, cuja importância no tecido empresarial e na economia europeia é bastante elevada, sendo as conclusões deste estudo de particular interesse para investidores e reguladores.
This work studies earnings management in European listed and unlisted companies. The sample comprises 8,752 firms from nine European countries for the period 2005-2012. In order to proxy earning managements, authors computed the level of discretionary accruals using the modified Jones model. The main results suggest that unlisted companies are more likely to manage earnings than listed companies. This trend is observed either in common law or code law countries, being the most pronounced difference in the first group. There is also evidence that listed companies tend to manage earnings further downwards, suggesting more conservative accounting earnings. Overall, evidence indicates that European listed companies show higher earnings quality than their unlisted counterparts. These findings contribute to the scarcity of literature focused on unlisted companies, whose importance in the business framework and the European economy is significant. Conclusions of this study are particularly relevant for investors and regulators.
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