La teoria efectual y el fracaso empresarial
Effectuation theory and business failure
Teoria efeitual e fracasso empresarial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v31n81.95581Palabras clave:
comportamiento emprendedor, emprendimientos, fenomenología, fracaso empresarial, teoría efectual (es)Entrepreneurial behavior, entrepreneurship, phenomenology, business failure, effectuation theory (en)
comportamento empreendedor, empreendedorismo, fenomenologia, fracasso empresarial, teoria efeitual (pt)
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La teoría efectual y el fracaso empresarial son dos temas centrales en el campo del emprendimiento. La efectuación es un modelo de comportamiento emprendedor y el fracaso es uno de los resultados posibles de todo nuevo emprendimiento. Estudios previos han intentado relacionar ambas temáticas, aunque de manera conceptual, y no existe una definición precisa ni evidencia empírica que fundamente tal vínculo. En el presente estudio se utiliza la teoría de la efectuación para analizar casos de emprendimientos que fracasaron, mediante un análisis fenomenológico interpretativo en el sector de software y servicios informáticos de Argentina. Se encontró que, no obstante, la lógica efectual es compatible con el desarrollo de emprendimientos en sectores dinámicos, dada su flexibilidad y maleabilidad ante la incertidumbre y el cambio, la supervivencia de estos depende de cómo los emprendedores utilizan y superan las debilidades de la lógica efectual. Dependiendo de cómo o cuándo se aplica este modelo de comportamiento emprendedor, puede al mismo tiempo conducir al “éxito” o impedir el progreso de los nuevos emprendimientos. Estos resultados enriquecen la literatura de efectuación, que aún se encuentra en un nivel intermedio de desarrollo empírico, y contribuyen a la literatura existente sobre fracaso al ofrecer un nuevo enfoque para su análisis.
Effectuation theory and business failure are two core themes in the field of entrepreneurship studies. Effectuation is an entrepreneurial behavior model, while failure is one of the possible outcomes of any new venture. Previous studies have tried to relate both issues, although concep¬tually there is no precise definition nor empirical evidence to support such a link. In this study, effectuation theory is used in order to analyze cases of failed ventures through an interpretive phenomenological analysis in the software and computer services sector in Argentina. It was found that despite effective logic is consistent with the development of new ventures in dynamic sectors, given their flexibility and malleability before uncer¬tainties and change, their survival depends on how entrepreneurs use and overcome effective logic weaknesses. Depending on how or when this en¬trepreneurial behavioral model is applied, it could both lead to “success” or impede the progress of new ventures. These results enrich effectuation literature, which is still at an intermediate empirical development level, and also contribute to the existing literature on failure by offering a new approach to its analysis.
A teoria efeitual e o fracasso empresarial são dois temas centrais na área do empreendedorismo. A efetividade é um modelo de comporta¬mento empreendedor, e o fracasso é um dos resultados possíveis de todo novo empreendimento. Estudos prévios vêm tentando relacionar ambas as temáticas, embora de maneira conceitual, e não há uma definição precisa nem evidência empírica que fundamente esse vínculo. Neste estudo, é uti¬lizada a teoria da efetividade para analisar casos de empreendimentos que fracassaram, mediante uma análise fenomenológica interpretativa no setor de software e de serviços informáticos da Argentina. Verificou-se que, ainda que a lógica efeitual seja compatível com o desenvolvimento de empreen¬dimentos em setores dinâmicos, tendo em vista sua flexibilidade e malea¬bilidade ante a incerteza e a mudança, a sobrevivência deles depende de como os empreendedores utilizem e superem as debilidades da lógica efei¬tual. Dependendo de como e quando esse modelo de comportamento em¬preendedor é aplicado, pode, ao mesmo tempo, levar ao sucesso ou impedir o progresso dos novos empreendimentos. Esses resultados enriquecem a li¬teratura sobre a teoria da efetividade, a qual ainda está num nível interme¬diário de desenvolvimento empírico, e contribuem para a literatura existente sobre fracasso ao oferecer uma nova abordagem para sua análise.
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