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Transición tecnológica, sustentabilidad y ecoinnovación: el caso de las empresas brasileñas
Technological transition, sustainability and eco-innovation: the case of brazilian companies
Transição tecnológica, sustentabilidade e ecoinovação: o caso das empresas brasileiras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v32n83.99893Palabras clave:
Brasil, ecoinnovación, sustentabilidad, transición tecnológica, empresas (es)Brazil, eco-innovation, sustainability, technological transition (en)
Brasil, ecoinovação, sustentabilidade, transição tecnológica (pt)
Esta investigación pone de relieve la necesidad de buscar alternativas tecnológicas que estimulen los cambios necesarios para el desarrollo de un sistema social-económico-técnico-ambiental más sostenible. En ese sentido, este artículo explora el potencial de las ecoinnovaciones, analizando el caso de las empresas brasileñas. El objetivo fue identificar la existencia de diferencias entre las empresas ecoinnovadoras (en que la innovación fue capaz de reducir su impacto en el medioambiente) e innovadoras (que innovaron, pero no observaron esa disminución), que posibilitasen, en el caso de las primeras, delinear características y reconocer potenciales y debilidades. Para eso, fueron examinados datos especiales de la Pesquisa de Inovação (Pintec), del Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (ibge), según tres dimensiones: i) recursos básicos, ii) esfuerzo innovador y iii) resultados de innovación. Los resultados revelaron significativas diferencias entre los grupos. La principal diferencia fue que las ecoinnovadoras presentaron mejores desempeños en todas las dimensiones. Además, se identificó en estas una mayor capacidad de percepción de los obstáculos para innovar y la necesidad de ampliar las fuentes alternativas de inversión (público y privado) y las relaciones de cooperación.
This research poses the need to explore technological alternatives that stimulate the necessary changes for the development of a more sustainable social, economic, technical and environmental system. With that in mind, and based on the case of Brazilian companies, this work delves into the analysis of the potential of eco-innovations with the objective of identifying the differences observed in eco-innovative companies (where innovation reduced its impact on the environment) and innovative firms (which innovated, but did not observe such a change) that made possible, in the case of the first, to outline specific characteristics and recognize strengths and flaws. To that end, special data from the Innovation Survey (Pintec, in Portuguese) by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics was examined, considering three different dimensions: (i) basic resources, (ii) innovative effort, and (iii) innovation results. Findings revealed significant differences between groups. The main distinction was that eco-innovators performed better in all dimensions. In addition, this group reported a greater ability to perceive obstacles to innovation and the need to expand alternative sources of funding (public and private) and cooperation networks.
Esta pesquisa coloca em destaque a necessidade de procurar alternativas tecnológicas que estimulem as mudanças para o desenvolvimento de um sistema social-econômico-técnico-ambiental mais sustentável. Nesse sentido, neste artigo, explora-se o potencial das ecoinovações, analisando o caso das empresas brasileiras. O objetivo foi identificar a existência de diferenças entre as empresas ecoinovadoras (em que a inovação foi capaz de reduzir seu impacto no meio ambiente) e as inovadoras (que inovaram, mas não observaram essa diminuição), que possibilitassem, no caso das primeiras, delinear características e reconhecer potenciais e debilidades. Para isso, foram analisados dados especiais da Pesquisa de Inovação, do Instituto de Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, segundo três dimensões: 1) recursos básicos, 2) esforço inovador, 3) resultados de inovação. Os resultados revelaram significativas diferenças entre os grupos. A principal diferença foi que as ecoinovadoras apresentaram melhores desempenhos em todas as dimensões. Além disso, identificou-se, nestas, uma maior capacidade de percepção dos obstáculos para inovar e a necessidade de ampliar as fontes alternativas de investimento (público e privado) e as relações de cooperação.
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