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Enfoques de materialidad aplicados en Colombia: evidencia de la aplicación voluntaria de doble materialidad
Materiality approaches applied in Colombia: evidence of voluntary application of double materiality
Abordagens de materialidade aplicadas na Colômbia: evidência da aplicação voluntária da dupla materialidade
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/innovar.v35n98.123099Palabras clave:
Circular 031, doble materialidad, materialidad, reportes de sostenibilidad, sostenibilidad (es)Circular 031, dupla materialidade, materialidade, relatórios de sustentabilidade, sustentabilidade (pt)
Circular 031, double materiality, materiality, sustainability reports, sustainability (en)
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La materialidad es el concepto central bajo el que se desarrollan los informes de sostenibilidad de las compañías. De acuerdo con el enfoque de materialidad que se adopte, la información de sostenibilidad puede variar sustancialmente. El propósito de este estudio es analizar los cambios producidos por la Circular 031, emitida por la Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia en el 2021, en el enfoque de materialidad elegido por las compañías cotizadas en la Bolsa de Valores de Colombia. Para el desarrollo de este objetivo, se llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido en el cual se analizaron los reportes de sostenibilidad de veinte compañías colombianas pertenecientes al MSCI COLCAP durante el periodo 2021-2024. Los hallazgos muestran que para el 2021 el 5% de las empresas estudiadas había aplicado el enfoque de doble materialidad y para el 2024 este porcentaje fue del 75%. Adicionalmente, se evidenció la presencia de adoptantes de etiqueta, es decir, empresas que dijeron haber aplicado la doble materialidad, pero en esencia no lo hicieron. Con este trabajo se contribuye a la escasa literatura existente en Colombia sobre el enfoque de materialidad adoptado por las empresas y los cambios que este enfoque ha tenido con la promulgación de la Circular 031.
Materiality is the central concept underpinning companies' sustainability reports. Depending on the materiality approach adopted, sustainability information can vary substantially. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes brought about by Circular 031, issued by the Colombian Financial Superintendency in 2021, in the materiality approach chosen by companies listed on the Colombian Stock Exchange. To achieve this objective, a content analysis was carried out in which the sustainability reports of twenty Colombian companies belonging to the MSCI COLCAP index were analyzed during the period 2021-2024. The findings show that by 2021, 5% of the companies studied had applied the double materiality approach, and by 2024, this percentage had risen to 75%. Additionally, there was evidence of label adopters, i.e., companies that claimed to have applied double materiality but did not actually do so. This work contributes to the scarce literature in Colombia on the materiality approach adopted by companies and the changes that this approach has undergone with the enactment of Circular 031.
A materialidade é o conceito central sob o qual são desenvolvidos os relatórios de sustentabilidade das empresas. De acordo com a abordagem de materialidade adotada, as informações de sustentabilidade podem variar substancialmente. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as mudanças produzidas pela Circular 031, emitida pela Superintendência Financeira da Colômbia em 2021, na abordagem de materialidade escolhida pelas empresas cotadas na Bolsa de Valores da Colômbia. Para o desenvolvimento deste objetivo, foi realizada uma análise de conteúdo na qual foram analisados os relatórios de sustentabilidade de vinte empresas colombianas pertencentes ao MSCI COLCAP durante o período 2021-2024. Os resultados mostram que, em 2021, 5% das empresas estudadas tinham aplicado a abordagem de dupla materialidade e, em 2024, essa percentagem era de 75%. Além disso, ficou evidente a presença de empresas que adotaram o rótulo, ou seja, empresas que afirmaram ter aplicado a dupla materialidade, mas que, na essência, não o fizeram. Este trabalho contribui para a escassa literatura existente na Colômbia sobre a abordagem de materialidade adotada pelas empresas e as mudanças que essa abordagem teve com a promulgação da Circular 031.
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