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Análisis de la dinámica espaciotemporal de humedales tropicales a través de imágenes SAR Sentinel-1: caso de estudio en Colombia
Spatiotemporal Dynamic Analysis of Tropical Wetlands using Sentinel-1 SAR Images: Case of Study in Colombia
Análise da dinâmica espaço-temporal de zonas úmidas tropicais através de imagens SAR Sentinel-1: estudo de caso na Colômbia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcdg.v33n1.105225Palabras clave:
agua superficial, cartografía, Google Earth Engine, humedal, radar, retrodispersión, Sistemas de Información Geográfica, zona tropical (es)surface water, mapping, Google Earth Engine, wetland, radar, backscattering, Geographic Information Systems, tropical zone (en)
águas superficiais, mapeamento, Google Earth Engine, áreas úmidas, sistemas de informações geográficas, radar, retroespalhamento, zona tropical (pt)
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Las imágenes Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) del sensor Sentinel-1 complementan las posibilidades actuales que brindan los sensores remotos de información multiespectral, siendo principalmente útiles en áreas de alta nubosidad. Este estudio presenta la descripción de la dinámica espaciotemporal de un sistema de humedales tropicales denominado Ciénaga Colombia durante el periodo 2014-2021 a través de imágenes del sensor SAR Sentinel-1. Los datos se procesaron en Google Earth Engine (GEE) y se emplearon gráficos de cajas y bigotes para analizar la dispersión multitemporal de la retrodispersión del SAR. La lámina de agua superficial del sistema de humedales se calculó mediante los métodos de Umbrales y el Surface Water Index Extraction Model (SWIM), y se exploró su posible relación con la precipitación media anual y el El Niño Osciliación del Sur (ENOS). Los resultados indican la media del tamaño de la lámina de agua superficial de 109,96 ha en el 2015 y de 334,79 ha en el 2017. Los valores calculados para el 2017 con el SWIM y el método de umbrales distan casi en el doble para el mínimo de retrodispersión —384 ha y 657 ha, respectivamente—, aunque para esa temporalidad hubo ausencia de datos SAR. La consistencia de los resultados obtenidos a través de datos SAR se validó con valores del Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) provenientes de imágenes Sentinel 2-1C, y muestran coherencia en lo calculado. Finalmente, desde este estudio se reconoce la necesidad de profundizar en diferentes análisis para identificar los cambios en el sistema de humedales producto de las intervenciones directas sobre la red de drenaje en el que se encuentra.
SAR-Synthetic Aperture Radar- Sentinel-1 data complements the current possibilities offered by multispectral information, and it is mainly useful in areas of high cloudiness. This study presents the spatiotemporal dynamics of a tropical wetland system named Ciénaga Colombia from 2014 to 2021 through Sentinel-1 SAR data. The analysis is mainly done using Google Earth Engine -GEE- and boxplots were used to analyze SAR backscattering. Thresholds and SWIM-Surface Water Index Extraction Model- methods were used to calculate the surface water of the wetland system. This study also explored some possible relationships between the system surface water with precipitation and the ENSO–El Niño Southern Oscillation-. The results showed that 2015 and 2017 present the greater-lesser backscattering values (respectively), indicating mean surface water sizes of 110 ha and 334 ha. SWIM and thresholds values calculated for the lowest backscattering moment in 2017 differ almost double (384 ha and 657 ha). The consistency of the SAR data results was validated through NDWI values from Sentinel 2-1C images. Finally, this study recognizes the need to delve into different analyses to identify changes in the wetland system as a result of direct interventions on its drainage network.
As imagens SAR (por suas siglas em inglês Synthetic Aperture Radar) do satélite Sentinel-1 complementam as possibilidades atuais oferecidas pelo sensoriamento remoto sobre informação multiespectral, sendo úteis principalmente em áreas com alta nebulosidade. Este estudo apresenta a descrição da dinâmica espaço-temporal de um sistema de zonas húmidas tropicais conhecido como Ciénaga Colômbia durante o período 2014-2021, através de imagens do sensor Sentinel-1. Os dados foram explorados no Google Earth Engine (GEE) e gráficos box-and-whisker foram usados para analisar a dispersão multitemporal do retroespalhamento SAR. A lâmina de água superficial do sistema de zonas úmidas foi calculada usando os métodos Umbrais e SWIM do inglês Surface Water Index Extraction Model; e explorou-se sua possível relação com a precipitação média anual e El Niño Oscilação Sul (ENOS). Os resultados indicam uma lâmina de água superficial média de 110 ha em 2015 e 334 ha em 2017. Os valores calculados para 2017 com Umbrais e SWIM são quase o dobro (384 ha e 657 há respectivamente). A consistência dos resultados obtidos através dos dados SAR foi validada com valores do NDWI (por suas siglas em inglês Normalized Difference Water Index) cuja fonte foram as imagens Sentinel 2-1C. Por fim, este estudo reconhece a necessidade de se aprofundar em análises diferenciadas para identificar alterações no sistema de zonas úmidas como resultado de intervenções diretas na rede de drenagem em que se encontra.
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