Los Estados sin litoral marítimo en desarrollo: entre el concepto y su aplicación
Landlocked Developing States: Between Concept and Implementation
Os Estados em desenvolvimento sem litoral: entre o conceito e sua aplicação
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcdg.v35n1.114542Palabras clave:
aguas territoriales, desarrollo, frontera, país menos desarrollado, país sin litoral (es)territorial waters, development, border, least developed country, landlocked country (en)
águas territoriais, desenvolvimento, fronteira, país menos desenvolvido, país sem litoral (pt)
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La ausencia de litoral marítimo se aprecia como una situación desventajosa para el desarrollo de los Estados. A partir de las externalidades negativas que se desprenden de esta característica geográfica, la Organización de las Naciones Unidas esboza el concepto de Estado sin litoral en desarrollo —o LLDC, por sus siglas en inglés—, focalizando así una agenda para este grupo de Estados. En este trabajo se explora dicho término y su aplicación práctica, así como su relación respecto al factor desarrollo. Para ello, se constata la situación de los LLDC y se ponderan las posibilidades de extensión del término a otros escenarios en los que también existen dificultades de acceso al mar —sin que realmente se den situaciones de ausencia de litoral—. A partir de la revisión de los Índices de Desarrollo Humano de todos los Estados considerados, se evidencian determinados patrones de localización de los niveles de este indicador en distintas regiones del mundo. Además, se comprueba que el término no calza totalmente en su uso práctico, pues no se ajusta a los parámetros que pretende cubrir, dada la circunstancia de que otros conceptos, de corte más geográfico, sí parecen acoplarse mejor como descriptores.
The absence of a maritime coastline is perceived as a disadvantageous situation for the development of States. Based on the negative externalities arising from this geographical characteristic, the United Nations Organization outlines the concept of Landlocked Developing Country —or lldc— thereby focusing an agenda for this group of States. This work explores this term and its practical application, as well as its relation to the development factor. To this end, the situation of lldcs is examined and the possibilities of extending the term to other scenarios where there are also difficulties in accessing the sea —without actually being landlocked— are considered. By reviewing the Human Development Indices of all considered States, some patterns of the levels of this indicator in different regions of the world are evidenced. Moreover, it is found that the term does not fit entirely in its practical use, as it does not align with the parameters it aims to cover whereas other concepts, more geographically oriented, seem to fit better as descriptors.of extending the term to other scenarios where there are also difficulties in accessing the sea —without actually being landlocked— are considered. By reviewing the Human Development Indices of all considered States, certain patterns of the levels of this indicator in different regions of the world are evidenced. Moreover, it is found that the term does not fit entirely in its practical use, as it does not align with the parameters it aims to cover, whereas other concepts, more geographically oriented, seem to fit better as descriptors.
A ausência de litoral marítimo é vista como uma situação desvantajosa para o desenvolvimento dos Estados. Com base nas externalidades negativas que resultam dessa característica geográfica, a Organização das Nações Unidas esboça o conceito de Estado em Desenvolvimento Sem Litoral —ou LLDC, pela sigla em inglês—, focalizando assim uma agenda para esse grupo de Estados. Este trabalho explora esse termo e sua aplicação prática, bem como sua relação com o fator de desenvolvimento. Para isso, constata-se a situação dos LLDC e ponderam-se as possibilidades de extensão do termo a outros cenários nos quais também existem dificuldades de acesso ao mar —sem que realmente ocorram situações de ausência de litoral—. A partir da revisão dos Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano de todos os Estados considerados, evidenciam-se determinados padrões de localização dos níveis desse indicador em diferentes regiões do mundo. Além disso, verifica-se que o termo não se encaixa totalmente em seu uso prático, pois este não se ajusta aos parâmetros que pretende abranger, ocorrendo a circunstância de que outros conceitos, de natureza mais geográfica, parecem se ajustar melhor como descritores.termo e sua aplicação prática, bem como sua relação com o fator de desenvolvimento. Para isso, constata-se a situação dos LLDC e ponderam-se as possibilidades de extensão do termo a outros cenários nos quais também existem dificuldades de acesso ao mar —sem que realmente ocorram situações de ausência de litoral—. A partir da revisão dos Índices de Desenvolvimento Humano de todos os Estados considerados, evidenciam-se determinados padrões de localização dos níveis desse indicador em diferentes regiões do mundo. Além disso, verifica-se que o termo não se encaixa totalmente em seu uso prático, pois este não se ajusta aos parâmetros que pretende abranger, ocorrendo a circunstância de que outros conceitos, de natureza mais geográfica, parecem se ajustar melhor como descritores.
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