Adaptación humana y ocupación de los ambientes amazónicos por poblaciones indígenas precolombinas
Human adaptation and occupation of the Amazon environments by pre-Columbian indigenous populations
Adaptação humana e ocupação dos ambientes amazônicos por povos indígenas pré-colombianos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcdg.v25n1.52596Palabras clave:
Amazonía, determinismo ecológico, ecología histórica, etnohistoria, indígenas precolombinos. (es)Amazon region, ecological determinism, historical ecology, ethno- history, pre-Columbian indigenous peoples. (en)
Amazônia, determinismo ecológico, ecologia histórica, etno-história, indígenas pré-colombianos. (pt)
El artículo revisa las teorías acerca de la adaptación humana y la ocupación de los distintos ambientes amazónicos por parte de poblaciones precolombinas. Las líneas ecológicas en la antropología proponen que el ambiente físico tiene un importante papel en las actividades cotidianas de las poblaciones e interactúa con todos los componentes del sistema cultural. Sin embargo, aportes de la ecología histórica y de la etnohistoria han revelado nuevos e importantes datos acerca del tema, por ejemplo, que las culturas indígenas que sobrevivieron al proceso de ocupación de la Amazonía se han visto obligadas a adaptarse tanto al medio físico como a las fuerzas políticas y económicas externas que operan en la región. Por consiguiente, este grado de adaptación depende también de las fuerzas históricas, políticas y socioeconómicas presentes en este contexto.
The article revises the theories concerning human adaptation and occupation of the different Amazon environments by pre- Columbian populations. The ecological threads in anthropology support a physical environment as having an important role in the daily activities of the people and as interacting with all the components of the cultural system. Nonetheless, contributions from historic ecology and from ethno- history have revealed new and important data concerning the topic; for example, how the indigenous cultures that survived the Amazonian occupation process have been forced to adapt both physically and to the political and economic external forces that operate in the region. For that reason, this level of adaptation depends also on historical, political, and socioeconomic forces present in this context.
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