Método de geomorphon aplicado à Antártica: identificação de formas de relevo paraglaciais de macro e mesoescala. Ilha Rei George, Ilhas Shetlands do Sul
Geomorphon Method Applied to Antártica: Identification of Paraglacial Relief Forms of Macro and Meso-Scale, King George Island, South Shetlands Islands
Método de geomorphon aplicados a la Antártica: identificación de formas de relieve paraglacial de macro y meso escala, Isla Rey Jorge, Islas Shetland del Sur
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rcdg.v31n1.85644Palabras clave:
classificação automática, geomorfologia glacial, Ilhas Shetland do Sul, modelos digitais de elevação, processos paraglaciais (pt)automatic classification, glacial geomorphology, South Shetland Islands, digital elevation models, paraglacial processes (en)
clasificación automática, geomorfología glacial, Islas Shetland del Sur, modelos digitales de elevación, procesos paraglaciales (es)
Com a retração de geleiras na Antártica marítima, e os cenários de mudanças climáticas,faz-se necessário compreender os processos geomorfológicos atuantes nessas áreas recentemente expostas. O artigo apresenta o Método de Geomorphon aplicado à Antártica (Geomorphon Method aplicado à Antártica — em diante GMA) voltado ao mapeamento de formas de relevo nas áreas livres de gelo da Ilha Rei George. A avaliação da classificação foi realizada com base na interpretação dos MDE e nos trabalhos de campo realizados em 2015 e 2016. Os elementos de relevo identificados pelo gma foram relacionados com as formas erosivas e deposicionais por um lado de macro escala de gênese glacial, como vales, aretês, horns, e por outro lado de meso escala como canais glaciofluviais, morainas de avanço e de recessão, e ainda as de gênese paraglacial e marinha. Morainas de avanço frontais foram identificadas em todas as áreas, com exceção do sistema paraglacial da geleira Ecology, e juntamente com os vales em U mapeados, indicam a antiga direção de fluxo das geleiras, e locais onde havia maior espessura de gelo. A identificação dessas formas contribui para estudos que avaliam a sucessão de mudanças na paisagem com a recente retração dos sistemas glaciais, comprovando a potencialidade do GMA.
With the retraction of glaciers in maritime Antártica, and the climate change scenarios, it is necessary to understand the geomorphological processes at work in these recently exposed areas. The purpose of the article is to present the Geomorphon Method for Antártica (Geomorphon Method Revised to Antártica–GMA) applied to the mapping of landforms in the ice-free areas of King George Island. The classification evaluation was carried out based on the interpretation of the MDE and on the field work carried out in 2015 and 2016. The relief elements identified by the GMA were related to the erosive and depositional forms of the glacial genesis macro scale, as valleys, aretes, horns and meso-scale, such as glaciofluvial channels, moraines of advance and recession, and even those of paraglacial and marine genesis. Frontal advancing moraines were identified in all areas, except for the Ecology glacier paraglacial system, and together with the mapped U-valleys, they indicate the old direction of flow of the glaciers, and places where there was greater thickness of ice. The identification of these forms contributes to studies that evaluate the succession of changes in the landscape with the recent retraction of glacial systems, proving the potential of GMA.
Con el retroceso de los glaciares en la Antártica marítima y los escenarios de cambio climático, es necesario comprender los procesos geomorfológicos que actúan en estas áreas recientemente expuestas. El propósito del artículo es presentar el Método geomorphon aplicado a la Antártica (Método Geomorphon aplicado a Antártica–MGA), para el mapeo de las formas de relieve en las áreas libres de hielo de la Isla Rey Jorge. La evaluación de la clasificación se realizó con base en la interpretación de MDE y algunos trabajos de campo realizados en los años 2015 y 2016. Los elementos del relieve identificados por el mga se relacionaron con las formas erosivas y depositacionales de génesis glacial, por una parte, de macro escala como valles, crestas, picos y, por otra, de mesoescala, como canales fluvio glaciales, morrenas de avance y de retroceso, así como los de génesis paraglacial y litoral. Se identificaron morrenas frontales que avanzan en todas las áreas, a excepción del sistema paraglacial del glaciar Ecology que, junto con los valles en U mapeados, indican la antigua dirección del flujo de los glaciares y los lugares donde había mayor espesor de hielo. La identificación de estas formas es una contribución para los estudios que evalúan la sucesión de cambios en el paisaje, relacionados con el retroceso reciente de los sistemas glaciares, lo que demuestra el potencial de MGA.
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