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Migración específica de N-nitrosaminas en productos elastoméricos
Specific migration of N-nitrosamines in elastomeric products
Migração específica de N-nitrosaminas em produtos elastoméricos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v52n3.111531Keywords:
caucho, látex, N-nitrosaminas (es)rubber, latex, N-nitrosamines (en)
borracha, látex, N-nitrosaminas (pt)
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Para analizar la migración de N-nitrosaminas desde materiales elastoméricos de caucho, como chupos para biberones, y desde materiales elastoméricos de látex, como guantes y condones, se requieren técnicas de alta sensibilidad que permitan determinar si los materiales migran cantidades de N-nitrosaminas que superen el límite permitido por la regulación (LOD 10 mg/kg de material). Para ello, en este trabajo se implementó y validó un método de análisis de N-nitrosaminas: nitrosodimetilamina (NDMA), nitrosometiletilamina (NMEA), nitrosodietilamina (NDEA), nitrosopiridinamina (NPYR), nitrosodipropilamina (NDPA), nitrosofenilisopropilamina (NPIP) y nitrosodibutilamina (NDBA), mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a un detector de espectrometría de masas (GC-MS), y se comparó la extracción de N-nitrosaminas por extracción líquido-líquido y por microextracción en fase sólida en su versión de espacio de cabeza (HS-SPME).
La extracción mediante HS-SPME permite la recuperación de las N-nitrosaminas de mayor peso molecular: NDPA, NPIP y NDBA, mientras que la extracción líquido-líquido resultó apropiada para la extracción y análisis de todas las N-nitrosaminas evaluadas en este trabajo. Se estableció que el límite de detección instrumental (LOD) para las N-nitrosaminas NDPA, NPIP y NDBA es de 3 a 6 mg/Kg empleando el método de monitoreo de ión selectivo (SIM). Este LOD se encuentra por debajo del límite de migración permitido por la regulación internacional.
Como aplicación del método se evaluó la migración de N-nitrosaminas en tres materiales elastoméricos: chupos de caucho para biberones, guantes y condones de látex. Todos los materiales presentaron resultados de migración de N-nitrosaminas por debajo del LOD permitido. Sin embargo, se evidenció la migración de otros compuestos potencialmente peligrosos para la salud como ftalatos y sustancias nitrosables.
To analyze the migration of N-nitrosamines from elastomeric rubber materials, such as baby bottle nipples, and from elastomeric latex materials, such as gloves and condoms, highly sensitive techniques are required to determine if the materials migrate amounts of N-nitrosamines that exceed the limit permitted by regulation (LOD 10 µg/kg of material). For this purpose, a method for analyze N-nitrosamines was implemented and validated in this work: nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA), nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), nitrosopyridinamide (NPYR), nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA), nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA), and nitrosophenylisopropylamine (NPIP), using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extraction of N-nitrosamines was compared using liquid-liquid extraction and headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME).
HS-SPME extraction allows for the recovery of higher molecular weight N-nitrosamines: NDPA, NPIP, and NDBA, while liquid-liquid extraction proved suitable for the extraction and analysis of all the N-nitrosamines evaluated in this study. It was established that the instrumental detection limit (LOD) for the N-nitrosamines NDPA, NPIP, and NDBA is between 3 and 6 µg/kg using the selective ion monitoring (SIM) method. This LOD is below the migration limit permitted by international regulations.
As an application of the method, the migration of N-nitrosamines was evaluated in three elastomeric materials: rubber baby bottle nipples, latex gloves, and condoms. All materials showed N-nitrosamine migration results below the permitted LOD. However, the migration of other potentially health-hazardous compounds, such as phthalates and nitrosable substances, was evident.
Para analisar a migração de N-nitrosaminas a partir de materiais de borracha elastomérica, como bicos de mamadeira, e de materiais de látex elastomérico, como luvas e preservativos, são necessárias técnicas altamente sensíveis para determinar se os materiais migram quantidades de N-nitrosaminas que excedem o limite permitida pela regulamentação (LOD 10 µg/kg de material). Para tal, foi implementado e validado neste trabalho um método para analisar N-nitrosaminas: nitrosodimetilamina (NDMA), nitrosometiletilamina (NMEA), nitrosodietilamina (NDEA), nitrosopiridinamida (NPYR), nitrosodibutylamina (NDBA), nitrosodipropilamina (NDPA) e nitrosofenilisopropilamina (NPIP), usando cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (GC-MS). A extração de N-nitrosaminas foi comparada usando extração líquido-líquido e microextração em fase sólida por headspace (HS-SPME).
A extração por HS-SPME permite a recuperação de N-nitrosaminas de maior peso molecular: NDPA, NPIP e NDBA, enquanto a extração líquido-líquido provou ser adequada para a extração e análise de todas as N-nitrosaminas avaliadas neste estudo. Foi estabelecido que o limite de detecção instrumental (LOD) para as N-nitrosaminas NDPA, NPIP e NDBA é entre 3 e 6 µg/kg usando o método de monitoramento de íon seletivo (SIM). Este LOD está abaixo do limite de migração permitido pelas regulamentações internacionais.
Como aplicação do método, a migração de N-nitrosaminas foi avaliada em três materiais elastoméricos: bicos de borracha para mamadeiras, luvas de látex e preservativos. Todos os materiais apresentaram resultados de migração de N-nitrosaminas abaixo do LOD permitido. No entanto, a migração de outros compostos potencialmente prejudiciais à saúde, como ftalatos e substâncias nitrosáveis, foi evidente.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Diana Cristina Sinuco León, DIEGO ALEJANDRO MORA ROJAS, FELIPE RICO SARMIENTO
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