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Certification of disability: A Scoping review
Certificación de discapacidad: una revisión de alcance
Palabras clave:
Disabled Persons, Certificate of Need, Disability Evaluation, Social Inclusion (en)Personas con Discapacidad;, Certificado de Salud, Evaluación de la Discapacidad, Inclusión (es)
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Introduction: The certification of disability emerged as a form of access to rights for persons with disabilities. However, aspects such as its denomination, approval and issuance process, and uses/benefits vary worldwide.
Objective: To analyze available information on the disability certification process, whether it is referred to as certification, recognition, credential, or any other similar document.
Materials and methods: Scoping review (OSF protocol record: 10.17605/OSF.IO/AHRB7). A search was conducted in Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, SCOPUS, LILACS (VHL regional portal), Web of Science, and additional literature sources and web pages of Latin American and OECD member countries' agencies and institutional entities. Studies and documents published between December 13, 2006, and August 21, 2023, in English, Spanish or Portuguese were considered. Results are presented in a descriptive-narrative form with a meta-aggregate approach and with emphasis on the concept.
Results: Database searches resulted in the inclusion of 46 studies, with the majority being from India (n=20, 43.47%). In addition, 25 documents issued by 22 countries were included in the review based on searches in agency and institutional websites. Of these 22 countries, 19 (86.36%) use the World Health Organization definition and 13 (59.09%) refer to the document certifying the disability as a “disability certificate”. In all 22 countries, the process of issuing a certification is regulated by government entities and operated by health personnel, and they all require a valid identity document to initiate the certification process, with 95.45% of them basing the process on a medical diagnosis. The main benefits of this certificate include discounts on taxes and public transportation, and access to labor inclusion programs.
Conclusions: The process of certifying disability in the 22 OECD and Latin American countries for which documents on disability certification were found is based on the globally accepted concept of disability, is regulated by government agencies, and is mostly based on a medical diagnosis (medical history review or evaluation by a medical board).
Introducción. La certificación de discapacidad surgió como una forma de acceso a los derechos de las personas con discapacidad. Sin embargo, aspectos como su denominación, proceso de aprobación y expedición, y usos/beneficios varían a nivel mundial.
Objetivo. Analizar la información disponible acerca del proceso de certificación de discapacidad, ya sea que se denomine certificación, reconocimiento, credencial o cualquier otro documento homólogo.
Materiales y métodos. Revisión de alcance (registro de protocolo en OSF: 10.17605/OSF.IO/AHRB7). Se realizaron búsquedas en Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, SCOPUS, LILACS (Portal regional VHL), Web of Science, en fuentes adicionales de literatura y en páginas web de agencias y entidades institucionales de países latinoamericanos y de los países miembros de la OCDE. Se consideraron estudios y documentos publicados entre diciembre 13 de 2006 y agosto 21 de 2023 en inglés, español o portugués. Los resultados se presentan de forma descriptiva-narrativa con enfoque meta agregativo y con énfasis en el concepto.
Resultados. Las búsquedas en las bases de datos resultaron en la inclusión de 46 estudios, siendo la mayoría de la India (n=20, 43.47%). Por otra parte, 25 documentos emitidos por 22 países fueron incluidos en la revisión a partir de las búsquedas en las páginas web de agencias y entidades institucionales. De estos 22 países, 19 (86.36%) usan la definición de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y 13 (59.09%) denominan al documento que certifica la discapacidad como ”certificado de discapacidad”. En los 22 países el proceso de emisión de la certificación está regulado por instituciones gubernamentales y es operado por personal de la salud, en todos se requiere un documento de identidad vigente para iniciar el proceso de certificación, y en 95.45% el proceso se basa en un diagnóstico médico. Los principales beneficios de la certificación son descuentos en impuestos y en traslados en transporte público, y acceso a programas de inclusión laboral.
Conclusiones. En los 22 países OCDE y latinoamericanos para los que se encontraron documentos sobre la certificación de discapacidad, este proceso parte del concepto de discapacidad aceptado mundialmente, está regulado por agencias gubernamentales y en la mayoría se basa en un diagnóstico médico (revisión de historia clínica o evaluación por junta médica).
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