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Asociación entre porcentaje de grasa corporal y presión arterial media elevada en adultos peruanos: un estudio analítico
Association between body fat percentage and elevated mean arterial pressure in Peruvian adults: an analytical study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15446/revfacmed.v74.118415Palabras clave:
Distribución de la Grasa Corporal, Hipertensión, Sobrepeso, Medidas de Asociación, Vulnerabilidad en Salud (es)Body Fat Distribution, Hypertension, Overweight, Measures of Association, Health Vulnerability (en)
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Introducción. El exceso de grasa corporal es un factor de riesgo independiente para hipertensión arterial. Sin embargo, esta relación ha sido poco explorada en grandes grupos poblacionales.
Objetivo. Evaluar la asociación entre el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) y la presión arterial media (PAM) elevada en adultos peruanos.
Materiales y métodos. Estudio analítico y transversal basado en datos de 28 611 adultos peruanos que participaron en la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar de 2022. Para evaluar la asociación entre %GC y PAM elevada se realizó un análisis bivariado (prueba chi-cuadrado con V de Cramer y cálculo de Odds Ratio [OR]) y un análisis multivariado (modelo de regresión logística linear binaria con eliminación hacia atrás). También se evaluó la correlación entre %GC y PAM (coeficiente de correlación de Spearman).
Resultados. De los 28 611 registros incluidos, 57.40% eran mujeres y 56.18% tenían un %GC elevado. El promedio de PAM fue significativamente mayor en aquellos con un %GC elevado tanto en mujeres (88.37 vs. 80.27) como en hombres (95.51 vs. 87.01). En el análisis bivariado, tener un %GC elevado se asoció significativamente con una mayor probabilidad de PAM elevada en mujeres (OR=4.897; p<0.001, V=0.294) y en hombres (OR=4.064; p<0.001, V=0.336). En el análisis multivariado, tener un %GC elevado aumentó la probabilidad de tener PAM elevada 2.6 (OR=2.65; p<0.001) y 2.15 (OR=2.150; p<0.001) veces en hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. La correlación entre %GC y PAM fue moderada en mujeres (Rho=0.464) y hombres (Rho=0.441).
Conclusiones. El %GC se asoció de forma independiente con mayor probabilidad de PAM elevada en adultos peruanos.
Introduction: Excess body fat is an independent risk factor for high blood pressure. However, this relationship has been scarcely explored in large population groups.
Objective: To evaluate the association between body fat percentage (BF%) and elevated mean arterial pressure (MAP) in Peruvian adults.
Materials and methods: Analytical, cross-sectional study based on data from 28 611 Peruvian adults who participated in the Encuesta Nacional Demográfica De Salud Familiar - 2022 (National Demographic and Family Health Survey 2022). To evaluate the association between BF% and elevated MAP, a bivariate analysis (chi-square test with Cramer's V and odds ratio [OR] calculation) and a multivariate analysis (binary linear logistic regression model with backward elimination) were performed. The correlation between BF% and MAP (Spearman’s correlation coefficient) was also evaluated.
Results: Of the 28 611 records included, 57.40% were women and 56.18% had a high BF%. The average MAP was significantly higher in individuals with a high BF% in both women (88.37 vs. 80.27) and men (95.51 vs. 87.01). In the bivariate analysis, having a high BF% was significantly associated with a higher probability of elevated MAP in women (OR=4.897; p<0.001, V=0.294) and men (OR=4.064; p<0.001, V=0.336). In the multivariate analysis, having a high BF% increased the probability of having high BP by 2.6 (OR=2.65; p<0.001) and 2.15 (OR=2.150; p<0.001) times in men and women, respectively. The correlation between BF% and MAP was moderate in women (Rho=0.464) and men (Rho=0.441).
Conclusions: BF% was independently associated with a higher probability of elevated MAP in Peruvian adults.
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